This special issue welcomes theoretical, empirical, experimental, and case study research contributions from a wide range of disciplinary and post-disciplinary perspectives. These contributions should clearly address the theoretical and practical implications of the research. Both conceptual and empirical work are welcome. 

Guest editors

• Professor C. Michael Hall, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, michael.hall@canterbury.ac.nz
• Dr. Freya Higgins-Desbiolles, University of South Australia, Australia, Freya.HigginsDesbiolles@unisa.edu.au
• Dr. Siamak Seyfi, Pantheon- Sorbonne University, France, siamak.seyfi@etu.univ-paris1.fr

Aims and scope

Sanctions and boycotts are an important feature of the global tourism system and the emerging ethics of tourism (Seyfi & Hall, 2019a, 2020). Sanctions and embargoes are an increasingly popular foreign policy tool, by design as well as by default (Brzoska, 2015), within the political landscape of international relations, diplomacy, foreign policy and global governance (Cortright & Lopez, 2018; Leyton-Brown, 2017). The post-Cold War period has witnessed a sharp rise in sanctions imposed on the countries and laid the ground for a sanctions renaissance (Cortright & Lopez, 2018) and sanctions have increasingly become a type of ‘carrot-and-stick’ diplomacy in dealing with international trade and politics in the post-Cold War era (Hall, 2005).

At the same time, boycotts and buycotts are a growing feature of political consumerism and interest group activism (Friedman, 1999; John & Klein, 2003; Makarem & Jae, 2016; Hahn & Albert, 2017; Kelm & Dohle, 2018). While sanctions are a governmental tool to influence country, organisation and individual behaviours, boycotts have emerged as a consumer and interest group tool, which may or may not receive governmental support. Destinations have been boycotted for deviating from acceptable norms. Boycotts have been sought for a variety of reasons including human rights (e.g. Myanmar, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia), treatment and policy towards LGBTs or minorities and communities (e.g. Mississippi and North Carolina cases of anti-LGBT laws), violations of animal welfare and rights (e.g. Botswana & Namibia), and inappropriate environmental actions (Shaheer et al., 2019, 2018; Nguyen et al., 2018). Depending on their level of consumer support boycotts may have direct, (e.g. reduction in visitors), or indirect, (e.g. negative images), adverse impacts on a destination, attraction or a tourism service provider, highlighting the need to understand this phenomenon (Pezzullo, 2011; Yousaf, 2019; Mkono & Holder 2019). Boycotts have been shown to have the potential to decrease market share and sales and also damage the image of targeted companies (Shaheer et al., 2019, 2018). However, boycotts and disinvestment campaigns can also lead to substantial political backlash, as in the case of various US states seeking to legislate against the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement towards Israel on public campuses.

Tourism and hospitality destinations, attractions and businesses can be profoundly affected by sanctions and boycotts, sometimes with the legacy of a negative image lasting for decades. International travel to some destinations may be severely restricted, financial investment and supply chains disrupted, and, in the most comprehensive sanctions and boycotts, substantial economic and personal hardship may be experienced (Seyfi & Hall, 2019a, 2019b). Sanctions and boycotts have grown as tools for seeking to being about behavioural and policy change in their targets with their increased use and impacts in a tourism context being reflective of a highly interconnected world.

Notwithstanding the widespread use of sanctions and boycotts and their far-reaching impacts on tourism and hospitality, there is relatively little literature on the subject with a specific tourism context. Furthermore, the existing knowledge is limited as to how tourism in countries exposed to sanctions and boycotts is affected and continues to operate.

In response to the growing use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool and boycotts as a consumer and interest group tactic, this special issue will map out the current state of knowledge on sanctioned and boycotted destinations and businesses and their responses. This is extremely timely given the likelihood of the increased use of sanctions and boycotts in tourism in the future.

This special issue welcomes theoretical, empirical, experimental, and case study research contributions from a wide range of disciplinary and post-disciplinary perspectives. These contributions should clearly address the theoretical and practical implications of the research. Both conceptual and empirical work are welcome. The proposed topics may include but are not limited to the following:

Topics of interest of the special issue include, but are not limited to:

• Sanctions and tourism
• Sanctions and destination resilience
• Economic sanctions in contemporary global relations
• Coping strategies to sanctions and embargoes: Destinations and Businesses
• Case studies of sanctions and tourism destinations in different geographic and geopolitical contexts
• Boycotts, buycotts and tourism
• Boycotts: triggers and strategies
• Boycotts: evolution and the growth of consumer activism
• The role of interest groups in boycotts
• Boycotts and tourism events
• Case studies of boycotts and campaigns: Reasons, responses and impacts
• The significance of intermestic issues: Environment and human rights
• Coping responses to consumer boycotts: Destinations and Businesses
• Consumer activism as upstream social marketing
• Political consumerism in tourism
• Conceptualizing political consumerism as part of the global value chain
• Political consumerism and social-practice perspectives
• Sanctions and boycotts as tourism crisis
• Public policy and geopolitical perspectives
• Anthropogenic climate change, biodiversity and boycotts
• Methodological issues in examining boycotts and sanctions
• Emerging issues in sanctions and boycotts
• Boycotts and CSR
• Governmental responses to boycotts

Submission guidelines

Expressions of interest in contributing a paper to this special issue are invited in the form of a working title and 450-500 words indicative abstract of your proposed paper by 28^th February 2020, to be submitted by e-mail to Guest Editors (see emails above). Abstracts should include the title, authorship, author affiliation(s) and contact information (including the email addresses of all authors) and keywords (maximum six).

Timeline

• Abstracts submissions: 28^th February 2020
• Abstract decisions: 1^st April 2020
• Full paper submissions: 30^th September 2020
• Publication: Late 2021

Review process

Each paper submitted for publication consideration is subjected to the standard review process designated by Tourism Management Perspectives journal. Based on the recommendations of the reviewers, the Editor-in-chief along with the guest editors, decisions will be made whether particular submissions will be accepted, revised or rejected.

References

Brzoska, M. (2015). International sanctions before and beyond UN sanctions. International Affairs, 91(6), 1339–1349.

Cortright, D., & Lopez, G. A. (2018). Economic sanctions: Panacea or peacebuilding in a post-cold war world? Abingdon: Routledge

Friedman, M. (1999). Consumer boycotts: Effecting change through the marketplace and media. New York: Routledge.

Hall, C. M. (2005). Tourism: Rethinking the social science of mobility. Harlow: Pearson.

Hahn, T., & Albert, N. (2017). Strong reciprocity in consumer boycotts. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(3), 509-524.

John, A., & Klein, J. (2003). The boycott puzzle: Consumer motivations for purchase sacrifice. Management Science, 49(9), 1196-1209.

Kelm, O., & Dohle, M. (2018). Information, communication and political consumerism: How (online) information and (online) communication influence boycotts and buycotts. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1523-1542.

Klein, J. G., Smith, N. C., & John, A. (2004). Why we boycott: Consumer motivations for boycott participation. Journal of Marketing, 68(3), 92-109.

Leyton-Brown, D. (Ed.). (2017). The utility of international economic sanctions. Abingdon: Routledge

Luo, Q., & Zhai, X. (2017). “I will never go to Hong Kong again!” How the secondary crisis communication of “Occupy Central” on Weibo shifted to a tourism boycott? Tourism Management, 62, 159-172.

Makarem, S. C., & Jae, H. (2016). Consumer boycott behavior: An exploratory analysis of twitter feeds. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 50(1), 193-223.

Mkono, M., & Holder, A. (2019). The future of animals in tourism recreation: Social media as spaces of collective moral reflexivity. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.10.002

Nguyen, T., Ngo, H., Ngo, P., & Kang, G. D. (2018). Understanding the motivations influencing ecological boycott participation: An exploratory study in Viet Nam. Sustainability, 10(12), 4786.

Pezzullo, P. C. (2011). Contextualizing boycotts and buycotts: The impure politics of consumer-based advocacy in an age of global ecological crises. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 8(2), 124-145.

Seyfi, S., & Hall, C. M. (2019a). Sanctions and tourism: Conceptualisation and implications for destination marketing and management. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100381

Seyfi, S., & Hall, C. M. (2019b). Sanctions and tourism: effects, complexities and research. Tourism Geographies, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1663911

Seyfi, S., & Hall, C. M. (2019c). International sanctions, tourism destinations and resistive economy. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 11(1), 159-169.

Seyfi, S., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Tourism, sanctions and boycotts. Abingdon: Routledge

Shaheer, I., Carr, N., & Insch, A. (2019). What are the reasons behind tourism boycotts?. Anatolia, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1562948

Shaheer, I., Insch, A., & Carr, N. (2018). Tourism destination boycotts–are they becoming a standard practise?. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(1), 129-132.

Tolkach, D. (2018). A view of Occupy Central impacts on Hong Kong tourism from the other side of the Great Firewall: A rejoinder to Luo & Zhai. Tourism Management, 67, 307-311

Yousaf, S. (2019). Lost Destination marketing opportunities due to international sporting boycott. Annals of Leisure Research, 22(4), 415-423.