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    <item>
      <title>The Company We Keep: Navigating Brands, Borders and Boundaries</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1399996</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1399996</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The 2026 conference of the Section on Business Archives of the International Council on Archives (ICA/SBA) brings together professionals from around the world who work with company archives, collections, and corporate storytelling. Join us at the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels for two days of talks, exchange, and networking. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Conference, symposium</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Brussels (1000)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hierarchies, Inequalities and Conflicts Through the Lens of Social Class</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1395969</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1395969</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>This conference aims to bring into focus the contribution of the concept of social class to the study of various hierarchies, inequalities and conflicts. We are seeking theoretical contributions and studies on past and present phenomena and situations that use the social class as a central concept, highlighting its capacity to renew or enrich analytical perspectives (see the full CFP attached). </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Montreal (H3T 1J4)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Those Who Serve: Service, Labor, and Social Hierarchies in Historical Perspective</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1390138</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1390138</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The workshop examines service as a key social relationship from the medieval period to the twentieth century. Focusing on Central Europe and the Habsburg lands, it brings together early-career researchers to explore forms of dependent labor across households, rural economies, and institutions. Approaching service as more than a category of employment, the workshop highlights its value as an analytical lens that cuts across class, gender, and race. Particular attention is given to rural labor and women’s work, as well as to changing forms of service in the transition from premodern to modern societies. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Ljubljana (1000)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Chemical Industry in Northwest Europe: Local and Global Perspectives (18th–20th Centuries)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1387898</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1387898</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The history of the chemical industry has long attracted scholarly attention and continues to do so today. This workshop reflects on the current state of the historiography, including its implications for other areas of research. Focusing on Northwest Europe and its connections to other regions, the workshop provides a forum to discuss works in progress and identify avenues for future research. Those interested in attending, either in person or virtually, are encouraged to register via the link above. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Study days</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Villeneuve-d'Ascq (59650)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Decentring Europe: Doing History Otherwise, 1500-present</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1375487</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1375487</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>What does it mean to de-centre Europe in historical research? Can we write a global history, a colonial and imperial history that is not centred on European archives and European analytical categories? How might that change our histories of Europe, and the world? This 2026 edition of the EUI Department of History's summer school takes up a range of such questions as we grapple with why such a de-centring is imperative and what the stakes are for distinct kinds of scholarship. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Summer School</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flying Colours: Maritime Flags in Communication, Representation and Protection Strategies at Sea (15th-19th century)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1352806</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1352806</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>We welcome submissions from historians who engage with any approach related to the use of flags at sea. Applications from Ph.D. candidates, postdoctoral students, and early career researchers are warmly encouraged. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Paris (77190)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Company We Keep: Navigating Brands, Borders and Boundaries</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1320710</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1320710</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>The Section on Business Archives (SBA) of the International Council on Archives (ICA) invites submissions for its 2026 conference, titled “The Company We Keep: Navigating Brands, Borders and Boundaries”. This conference gathers leading professionals to explore the evolving landscape of corporate memory in a complex, globalized environment. In a world where companies constantly change in structure and in ownership, the history and stories they hold – and how they keep them – have never been more important. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Brussels (1000)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EUI Doctoral Programme in History and Civilisation</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1322156</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1322156</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>The Department of History at the European University Institute offers a distinctive, fully funded four-year Ph.D. programme of transnational and comparative history supported by a uniquely international and multicultural faculty. The Department offers exceptional opportunities to study the history of Europe in the World from the 15th century to the present, in the inspiring city of Florence, Italy. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Scholarship, prize and job offer</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Invisible Actors in the Making of International Law (1750–2000)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1316142</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1316142</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>This interdisciplinary conference invites graduate students and early career researchers to consider the genealogy of international law since 1750. It aims to identify new or unrecognised actors – including individuals, groups, and institutions as well as non-human agents – and their contributions to the practices, interpretations, and applications of international law. How did they establish or challenge norms, customs, and institutions? How were their practices, actions, and ideas shaped into law? The event aims to historicise the making of international law by bringing together junior scholars of history and law and to provide a forum for the exploration of new ideas and alternative perspectives, combining and building upon historical and social scientific approaches. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Conference, symposium</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Paris (75007)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Market Research in the Making </title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1310002</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1310002</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>We invite contributions that focus on the study of market research in the making, in various countries in Europe and elsewhere. The term ‘making’ should be understood here in both senses of the word (the emergence of the field in the 20th century, and the making, i.e. the day-to-day manufacturing of market research surveys). By focusing on the making of market research, we aim to shift the focus away from leading figures in the sector, to examine a more comprehensive range of individuals involved in conducting surveys at different stages. What was the division of labour, from fieldwork to report writing ? </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Paris (75)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring Ancient Pharmacology. Drugs, Words, and Practices</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1305325</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1305325</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>International conference dedicated to pharmacological knowledge in antiquity, bringing together scholars in classics, ancient medicine, archaeology, and paleopathology. Topics include: Texts on pharmacology, Words for pharmacology, Remedies, economy, and society, Tools and techniques, Paleopathology and contemporary reconstructions. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Conference, symposium</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Bologna (40126)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A social question before the Social Question: Addressing poverty in the long eighteenth century</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1300459</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1300459</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The Call for Papers for the international conference A social question before the Social Question. Addressing poverty in the long eighteenth century, organized by Damiano Bardelli (EHESS, CRH-GEHM/University of Oxford, Visiting Researcher at the Voltaire Foundation) with the support of the Voltaire Foundation and the Swiss National Science Foundation, aims to shed light on the innovations introduced by Enlightenment reformers in the way of understanding and addressing poverty, and thus to highlight their role in the emergence of the conceptual framework of the social question in the 19th century. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Oxford (OX1 2JD)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New Perspectives on South-Asian and Middle Eastern Connections in the 20th Century</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1297212</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1297212</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>This conference seeks to move beyond existing paradigms and explore new approaches to the study of the Arab world and South Asia while uncovering understudied histories of exchange. The conference’s focus is on the period between the years following the First World War and the height of the Cold War. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Cairo</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Extractivist Enterprise and International Organizations (1919-1989)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1281152</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1281152</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>Corporate actors have played a hidden yet highly influential role in shaping the global order, often securing their interests in international organizations, such as the League of Nations and the United Nations. Extractive industries, which focus on natural resources such as oil, gas, minerals, and metals, including rare earths, were the bedrock of capitalism in the long twentieth century. How did they exert their influence within, through and against international organizations? What tools did they adopt to attain their goals at global metropoles such as Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Geneva, New York, and Santiago? Who challenged their efforts and who supported them and how? What effects did formal decolonization have on the role of extractive enterprise in these global spaces? </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Florence</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Invisible Actors in the Making of International Law (1750–2000)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1272247</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1272247</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>This interdisciplinary conference invites graduate students and early career researchers to consider the genealogy of international law since 1750. It aims to identify new or unrecognised actors – including individuals, groups, and institutions as well as non-human agents – and their contributions to the practices, interpretations, and applications of international law. How did they establish or challenge norms, customs, and institutions? How were their practices, actions, and ideas shaped into law? The event aims to historicise the making of international law by bringing together junior scholars of history and law and to provide a forum for the exploration of new ideas and alternative perspectives, combining and building upon historical and social scientific approaches. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Paris (75007)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Royal Coffers. Approaches to European Monarchies and their financial behavior between 1650 and 1950</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1272473</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1272473</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>This workshop aims to examine the intricate networks and economic practices of monarchical families and courts throughout Europe. In this context, we seek to examine how monarchies attained and preserved revenue and wealth, what practices they employed and if these practices were changed, adapted or abandoned over time. At the same time, we also seek to examine how such practices were perceived and debated by both individuals outside of the royal courts and the general public. The workshop will take place from the 4th to 6th of March 2026 in Darmstadt. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Darmstadt (64283)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Metallon</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1261169</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1261169</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The Greek term metallon may refer to either a mine or a quarry, whether used for the extraction of rock, ore, or salt. In this sense, it does not denote the nature of the resources themselves, but rather their shared origin: the subsurface. This common provenance opens the door to a cross-disciplinary reflection on the exploitation and management of such resources in ancient Greece. In recent decades, the study of the past has seen a growing interest in environmental questions. A key dimension of this research concerns the relationship between ancient societies and their environment: how did human groups interact with their surroundings to meet their needs, build infrastructure, or produce everyday objects? In this field, the rise of interdisciplinary approaches – at the intersection of archaeological sciences and historical inquiry – combined with recent methodological advances, has led to major developments in the field. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Athens (106 76)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Imagining the Future of Ports in the Long Nineteenth Century </title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1249571</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1249571</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The nineteenth century, as stated by the volumes that have now become classics ofhistoriography by Christopher A. Bayly (2003) and Jürgen Osterhammel (2009), coincideswith a «transformation of the world» in a global sense and «the birth of the modern world». The present proposal aims to collect articles that analyse the perception and response to changes in maritime transport at the harbour level, with respect to port cities considered both as individual cases and as groups of cities belonging to a regional geographic area or connected in a network, and finally as case studies in a comparative perspective. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring ancient pharmacology: drugs, words, and practices</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1246527</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1246527</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>Our conference aims to investigate those aspects of the history of ancient and late-antique pharmacology that remain unexplored, not only by examining the substances used for healing but also by exploring the linguistic, cultural, and material contexts in which ancient remedies were acquired, prepared and administered. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Bologna</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Environmental History: European and Global Perspectives</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1241446</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1241446</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>In this online summer school is offered by the Department of History of the European University Institute (EUI, Florence, Italy), we intend to provide participants with ideas on how environmental history can be brought into conversation with research on European and global history in the early modern and modern periods. Given the History Department’s expertise in these fields, we aim to highlight the opportunities to be gained from engaging with environmental history as a transversal approach.This  </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Summer School</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Florence (50139)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rethinking the Origins of Political Economy in the European World: Needs, Justice, and the Wealth of Nations</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1217653</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1217653</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>Fondazione 1563 per l’Arte e la Cultura della Compagnia di San Paolo (hereinafter “Fondazione 1563”) has since 2013 supported research and advanced training in the field of the humanities. In a wider effort to pursue this goal, in 2020 Fondazione 1563 has launched the Turin Humanities Programme, a research initiative that allows junior scholars to work on interrelated research projects under the guidance of especially appointed Senior Fellows. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Scholarship, prize and job offer</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Turin</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Made and Tamed</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1217557</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1217557</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>Made and Tamed is a conference organised by the Doctoral Program in History at the University of Pavia addressed to young researchers, doctoral students and master’s degree students working on thesis or research projects in Ancient, Medieval, Modern and Contemporary History and Archaeology. The 2025 edition is structured around the complex relationship between human beings and animals, particularly as the former seek to reshape the latter. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Pavia</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Renaissance in Gold</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1215669</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1215669</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>This call for papers targets a wide range of disciplinary fields (e.g. history, art history, heritage science, literature, philosophy). This peer-reviewed edited volume aims to understand the uses and meanings of Gold as it pervades all areas of European societies, on a methodologically restricted time-frame (1450-1550). It intends to move beyond traditional research, so as to map out the social and cultural dynamics of this precious and versatile material in Renaissance Europe. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>“Hamsa: Journal of Judaic and Islamic Studies” - varia</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1210941</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1210941</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>The editors of Hamsa: Journal of Judaic and Islamic Studies are very pleased to announce that the journal is now accepting proposals for its 11th volume. For this volume, we welcome proposals offering original analysis on the broad subject of Judaic and Islamic studies and their intersections. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Working Group on ‘Risk, Health, and State Socialism: Central and Eastern Europe, 1950s-1980s’</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1209627</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1209627</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <description>While much of this historiography has focused on liberal democracies, less attention has been given to how concepts of risk operated in state socialist contexts. Building on recent studies in the history of medicine and health, we invite scholars to join a working group examining risk, health, and medicine under state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe. To what extent did state socialist regimes recognize certain health and medical issues as ‘governable’ through risk? What kinds of practices and ideas emerged in response? And were there differences or similarities between state socialist and liberal democratic models of risk in healthcare and medicine? Our aim is to take an exploratory approach to discuss whether, and in what contexts, the concept of risk can be applied to state socialism, and to examine the risk-related practices, ideas, and technologies observed in healthcare and medicine in state socialism. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Berlin (14195)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Meeting business commitments and obligations in the Iberian World: practices, networks and institutions (1620s-1860s)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1198445</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1198445</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>We invite submissions to the second conference of the HIRECOM Project, “Meeting Business Commitments and Obligations: Practices, Networks, and Institutions”. The Conference will take place from July 9th to 11th, 2025, both in-person and online at Casa de Velázquez (Madrid). This Second Conference will address the diversity of institutions and normative structures, both legally sanctioned and culturally accepted, that enabled, encouraged, or reinforced the meeting of economic obligations undertaken by social actors through exchanges. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Madrid (28040)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IX International Meeting of Young Researchers in Early Modern History</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1193132</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1193132</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>The IX International Meeting of Young Researchers in Early Modern History is looking for candidates to present their research in our event. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Braga (4710-057)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>“Algerian Journal of Islamic Finance”</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1189931</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1189931</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>Algerian Journal of Islamic Finance (AJIF) is a biannual international refereed scientific journal and free of charge, published by Oran 2 University in Oran (Algeria). The journal publishes original and innovative scientific research papers in three languages (Arabic, English and French) in all fields of Islamic Finance as Islamic economics, Islamic law, Insurance, Markets, Islamic Social Institutions … </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Oran (31000)</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Commons and economic inequality in rural Europe (1500-1800)</title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1185711</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1185711</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>Recent years have seen a flourishing of studies which have added considerably to our knowledge of inequality dynamics in preindustrial times. Scholars focused also on the determinants of these dynamics and some of these suggests a direct connection between the growth of economic inequality and the functioning of the public finances (i.e. Alfani and Di Tulio in their book on the Republic of Venice). Basically, the argument is that regressive taxation would have fostered this phenomenon, but we still have little knowledge about the mechanisms beyond this process. Why did this happen? How did the public economy’s choices influence these dynamics? How did the management of the common pool resources and the level of municipal and state direct taxation affect the paths of wealth distribution? Which were the correlations and causations mechanisms between the different elements? </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Worlds of Pre-Modern Neutrality (ca. 1400-1800):  Norms, Institutions and Practices  </title>
      <link>https://calenda.org/1178712</link>
      <guid>https://calenda.org/1178712</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
      <description>This symposium aims to contribute new insights to the long-term history of neutrality, focusing on its "pre modern" dimension broadly understood (ca. 1400-1800). Indeed, the law of neutrality started to emerge in the Early Modern Age through the practices and beliefs of the European state system, but also from its interactions with non-European normative and cultural systems. Different but complementary angles of approach can be used to understand this phenomenon: e.g. diplomatic history, IR history, political history, economic history and legal history. Throughout history, polities as well as private actors have interpreted neutrality in flexible and divergent ways, e.g. proposing a proactive-assertive approach or a more passive and inward looking one. Benefiting from multiple disciplinary perspectives, the symposium takes into consideration both the theory and the practice of neutrality, advancing our knowledge of the often-contested conceptualisation of legal regimes at sea as well as on land. Such a conceptualisation depended on the interaction between situations of peace and diverged across different temporal and spatial coordinates. </description>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=ftype">Call for papers</category>
      <category domain=" http://calenda.org/search?primary=fplace">Antwerp (2000)</category>
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