Future Imaginaries and Territorial Planning
Imaginaires du futur et planification territoriale
Journal “EchoGéo”
Revue « EchoGéo »
Published on Tuesday, January 30, 2024
Abstract
Geographic space is commonly understood as the result of cumulative historical and social processes. We therefore start from the present in order to shed light on its genesis, and look for the factors behind it by going back in time. This issue of EchoGéo proposes to adopt a complementary and opposite perspective : to examine the effects of imagined futures on the spatial construction of societies, and hence the way in which future spatial configurations are thought about, anticipated, promoted or combated at a given moment. All proposals addressing the links between imaginaries of the future and territorial planning from a spatial perspective are welcome, whatever the discipline. Attention will be paid to the diversity and articulation of spatial and temporal scales brought into play by the imaginations of the future mobilised by territorial planning.
Announcement
Argument
Geographical space is commonly understood as the result of cumulative historical and social processes, whose progressive stratification can be retraced according to the spatial realities we can observe today. Starting from the present, one can shed light on its genesis and search for factors by working our way back through history. The reverse perspective, which involves examining the effects of future imaginaries on the spatial construction of societies, is less frequently adopted. However, this approach appears to complement the former: the production of space can be analyzed by taking as a starting point not current spatial configurations, but rather how future spatial configurations are thought, anticipated, promoted, or contested at a given moment. This issue therefore proposes to explore the relationships between the construction of territories and imaginaries of the future, with a particular focus on planning situations.
The concept of a (geographical) imaginary here refers to a "set of related mental images that provide, for an individual or a group, meaning and coherence to the location, distribution, and interaction of phenomena in space" (Debarbieux, 2003, p. 489). In other words, it is a set of shared representations that enable the collective apprehension of a geographical object by giving it meaning. Far from opposing reality, the imaginary is a mode of apprehension and intelligibility. In this way, it partly determines the forms of space appropriation deployed by different actors and contributes to the emergence of spatial realities, both material and immaterial. The study of imaginaries thus fully participates in explaining spatial phenomena (Debarbieux, 2015). This issue specifically focuses on future imaginaries, that is, prospective imaginaries concerning the future evolution of a territory.
The concept of planning, on the other hand, is understood as a political device aimed at organising the development of a territory within a specified timeframe by formulating its objectives and determining the means and stages for achieving them (Merlin, 2023). Planning relies on variable objectives and means (human, financial, regulatory) and involves the intervention of a multitude of actors, both in terms of its political definition and its technical and regulatory implementation. In response to a desire to control the evolution of geographical space, planning reflects a normative approach that seeks to define an optimally organised space within a given timeline. Planning is inseparable from imaginaries related to the future configuration of a territory, and it is this complex interplay between future imaginaries and planning that this issue aims to explore.
If the anticipation of the future plays a major role in individual and collective choices at different scales of space and time, it is particularly central in territorial planning. To begin with, we can therefore focus on the practical modalities of this anticipation, that is, the foundations, contents, and forms of spatial imaginaries of the future envisaged in the context of planning. On what elements are these projections based? Anticipation of the future can rely on arguments of diverse nature: prospective analysis of statistical indicators, observations and scientific hypotheses, beliefs, emotions. In this regard, future imaginaries and their evaluation are inseparable from the (political, ideological, economic, cultural) frameworks that structure the groups that formulate them. The question of the contents of these projections also arises: in an era marked by the articulation of multiple (climatic, health, geopolitical, social) crises, what contents do societies attribute to the futures they envision, but especially those they desire? The spectrum is vast between the two extremes represented by utopia and dystopia, as evidenced, for example, by the diversity of the fantasised or feared "after worlds" during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is useful here to distinguish between the prospective dimension (anticipation of what will be) and the normative dimension (prescription of what should be): among imaginaries that attribute multiple, more or less probable, and more or less desirable configurations to future territories, territorial planning hierarchies and selects futures deemed desirable. These imaginaries are also spatialised, which invites us amongst other things to question the spaces or types of spaces particularly envisaged (or, on the contrary, marginalised) in the context of planning. Finally, the question of the forms that future imaginaries take is also central. They manifest themselves in various material and immaterial supports (speeches, maps and development plans, photographic corpora, virtual networks, etc.) that allow the formalisation, circulation, and even the reconfiguration of these imaginaries within communities of various natures and scales.
Reflecting on the relationships between the future imaginary, territorial planning, and space production also implies considering the relationship between these three terms in a dual sense: if imaginaries can produce spatial effects through their use in the context of planning, they are first and foremost rooted in situated socio-spatial configurations. This situated character refers both to the strict sense of being located in physical space and to the broader sense of being made possible by given social, economic, political, and cultural conditions. The characteristics of future imaginaries and the ways in which they are used by planning must therefore be understood in connection with the socio-spatial configurations from which they are formed. The frameworks for the development, formulation, and dissemination of these imaginaries, as well as territorial planning policies, constitute an important axis of analysis. These frameworks can be formal or informal, institutional or non-institutional, and operate on various scales. Identifying the involved actors (and those who are not involved) and understanding the relationships they maintain is essential here to grasp the political dimension of spatial projections that are often negotiated, contested, or imposed. The adoptions, hybridisations, and resistances generated by future imaginaries express the power dynamics at play in the production of space.
If future imaginaries are spatialised, they can also be spatialising. This raises the central question of their performative effects on spaces and societies (Fijalkow, 2017). We will focus here on the articulation between the realm of knowledge (anticipating what will be) and the realm of action (acting to guide or influence what will be), closely linked in the context of territorial planning. First, it is necessary to assess the performative efficiency of such future imaginaries. Faced with the alignment or divergence between a projection and what actually happens, one can try to determine the role that future imaginaries play in the evolution of the spaces they envisage. This raises methodological questions regarding the evaluation of causality and chance. It then prompts reflection on the conditions and means of their performativity: why and how, in the context of planning, does an imaginary actualise or not in geographical realities subsequent to its formulation? The characteristics of the spaces involved, the nature of the actors involved, the power dynamics between them, political, economic, ideological frameworks, and the material and symbolic resources mobilised can provide elements of response. Some projections come with an explicit objective of influencing spatial developments, as seen in those produced in the context of territorial forward planning (Vidal, 2015). Others contribute, through the behaviours they induce, to accelerating the realisation of anticipated socio-spatial recompositions and therefore function as self-fulfilling prophecies (Staszak, 2000).
Topics
Proposals for contributions may fall under the following lines of thought, which are by no means exhaustive or exclusive. Any proposal addressing the connections between future imaginaries and territorial planning from a spatial perspective is welcome, regardless of the discipline. In this regard, attention will be given to the diversity and articulation of spatial and temporal scales involved in the future imaginaries mobilised by territorial planning.
- The first axis examines the outlines of the future imaginaries used in territorial planning from the dual perspective of their genesis and their contents, by cross-examining both the foundations of their development by various actors and the characteristics attributed to the territories thus envisioned.
In what spatial, social, political, economic, and cultural contexts, and by what actors, have these imaginaries been formulated and are currently being developed? In response to which transformations or in anticipation of what changes do they emerge? Do they align with a perspective of continuity, adaptation, or a break from existing conditions? On what attributes of the projected territories are these imaginaries based? How do these imagined characteristics intersect with those of the territories as they exist in the present? What potential territorial innovations do they reveal?
- The second axis focuses on the modalities of formalisation and circulation of these future imaginaries at different spatial and temporal scales.
In what material and immaterial forms have these future imaginaries been and are currently being developed, expressed, and disseminated in various geographical and historical contexts? What are the objectives and spatial consequences of this formalisation and dissemination in the context of territorial planning? Do these imaginaries circulate? In what ways, on what scales, between which territories, within which networks of actors?
- The third axis explores the various forms of appropriation, distortion, and resistance that arise from future imaginaries (regardless of their fulfillment) as well as the spaces they contribute to producing. This involves exploring the political dimension of these imaginaries and their mobilisation by territorial planning.
In which arenas, through what modalities, and at what scales are these future imaginaries presented, negotiated, debated, or even contested? Who are the actors involved in the development and discussion of these imaginaries, and conversely, who is excluded from these processes? What power dynamics do the debates around these imaginaries express, reinforce, or reshape? Based on what criteria and value systems are these future imaginaries evaluated, legitimised, or contested? What correspondences and/or disparities are observed between the spaces as projected and the reality of their actual appropriations? What possible reconfigurations of these future imaginaries and their fulfillment in space does this lead to?
- The fourth axis revolves around the question of the performativity of future imaginaries in the context of territorial planning. It prompts reflection on the actual role that future imaginaries play in the production of space on various scales. In this regard, proposals taking on a historical approach will be particularly welcome.
To what extent are future imaginaries mobilised by territorial planning actualised in space? What methods and tools does planning use to bring about these projections? What are the conditions (political, economic, social, regulatory) that enable their performativity or, conversely, hinder their realisation? What role do appropriations, distortions, and resistances deployed by different actors play in the realisation or non-realisation of these imaginaries in space? What methods can be used to assess the performativity of these projections and analyse their underlying mechanisms?
Coordinator of the issue
Aude Le Gallou, Senior Lecturer at University of Genève.
Submission guidelines
All texts must be sent to Aude Le Gallou (Aude.Legallou@unige.ch), coordinator of the dossier, with a copy to Karine Delaunay (EchoGeo@univ-paris1.fr), the editorial secretary, who will forward them to the evaluators,
before 15 May 2024.
Papers should be written in English or French, and should be approximately 35,000/40,000 characters (plus illustrations). Please refer to the recommendations to authors for the standards of presentation of the text, the bibliography (https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/25004) and the illustrations (https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/19401).
Papers may also be submitted on the same theme but for other quarterly sections: Sur le Métier, Sur l’Image, Sur l'Écrit. They must then conform to the expectations of each of these, as indicated in the editorial line: https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/1927. For example, the editors of the Sur l'Image section expect texts that reflect on the status of the image in research and/or on geographical writing.
References cited
- Debarbieux B., 2003. Imaginaire géographique. In Lévy J. et Lussault M. (dir.), Dictionnaire de la géographie et de l’espace des sociétés. Paris, Belin, 489 p.
- Debarbieux B., 2015. L’espace de l’imaginaire : Essais et détours. Paris, CNRS Éditions, 307 p.
- Fijalkow Y. (dir.), 2017. Dire la ville c’est faire la ville. La performativité des discours sur l’espace urbain. Villeneuve d’Ascq, Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 194 p.
- Merlin P., 2023. Planification. In Merlin P., Choay F. Dictionnaire de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement, du logement et de l’environnement. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, p. 568-570.
- Staszak J.-F., 2000. Prophéties autoréalisatrices et géographie. Espace géographique, tome 29, n° 2, p. 105-119.
- Vidal C., 2015. La prospective territoriale dans tous ses états. Rationalités, savoirs et pratiques de la prospective (1957-2014). Thèse de doctorat, Université de Lyon.
Subjects
- Geography (Main category)
- Society > Sociology
- Society > Ethnology, anthropology
- Society > History
- Mind and language > Representation
- Society > Economics
- Society > Political studies
Date(s)
- Wednesday, May 15, 2024
Keywords
- planification, imaginaire, appropriation de l'espace, dispositif politique, jeu d'acteurs, spacialisation
Contact(s)
- Aude Le Gallou
courriel : Aude [dot] Legallou [at] unige [dot] ch
Reference Urls
Information source
- Karine Delaunay
courriel : echogeo [at] univ-paris1 [dot] fr
License
This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0 .
To cite this announcement
Aude Le Gallou, « Future Imaginaries and Territorial Planning », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Tuesday, January 30, 2024, https://doi.org/10.58079/vpo1