HomeDark Networks

Dark Networks

Réseaux obscurs

Imaginaries of Shady Connections and the Global Underworld from the Nineteenth Century to the Present

Imaginaires des connexions secrètes et des bas-fonds transnationaux du XIXe à aujourd'hui

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Published on Wednesday, November 13, 2024

Abstract

Observers of modern life have not always been optimistic about transnational connections. From the nineteenth century to the present day, the cosmopolitan ideal of a united world has been challenged by widespread anxieties about mysterious and dangerous networks. This exploratory conference critically examines the cultural and political significance of these imaginaries of dark networks from the nineteenth century to the present. Drawing on a series of historical case studies, we suggest to take three key features as a point of departure: figures such as traffickers, clandestine migrants, or spies; spaces such as ports, borderlands, or tunnels; and goods such as weapons, counterfeit money, or revolutionary pamphlets.

Announcement

Free access

Argument

Observers of modern life have not always been optimistic about transnational connections. From the nineteenth century to the present day, the cosmopolitan ideal of a united world has been challenged by widespread anxieties about mysterious and dangerous networks. Contemporaries worried about espionage and international crime, fantasized about anarchist or Jewish conspiracies, and developed a deep, ambivalent fascination with a clandestine milieu of vice and crime that stretched across continents and oceans. Journalists, criminologists and international organizations all focused on the cross-border mobility of shady characters or dangerous ideas. By 1900, images and stories about sinister connections formed a major cultural pattern. 

This exploratory conference critically examines the cultural and political significance of these imaginaries of dark networks from the nineteenth century to the present. Drawing on a series of historical case studies, we suggest to take three key features as a point of departure: figures such as traffickers, clandestine migrants, or spies; spaces such as ports, borderlands, or tunnels; and goods such as weapons, counterfeit money, or revolutionary pamphlets. We ask how imaginaries of dark networks were produced, why their relevance increased or decreased, which moral agendas they served, and which orders of property, race, and gender they defended. Doing so, the conference will make a fresh contribution to scholarship on deviant globalization, representations of crime, and the production of social knowledge in the modern world.

Programme 

Wednesday, 20 November 2024

10.00 Introduction

10.30 The Construction of a New Imaginary of Shady Connections in the Nineteenth Century

Chair: Anne-Emmanuelle Demartini (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

  • Francesco Benigno (Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa), The Evil Sect in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Loans and Influences
  • Alexandre Dupont (Univ. Strasbourg), L’internationale blanche, un »réseau obscur«? Représentations et répression de l’internationalisme contre-révolutionnaire (1820–1880)

13.00 From a Crisis of Social Knowledge to Imaginaries of Dark Networks

Chair: Sarah Frenking (GHI Washington/Centre for Contemporary History Potsdam)

  • Suhail Gharaibeh (Columbia Univ.), »Les célébrités des sphères interlopes«. Les dessous du nouveau Paris, selon Édouard Drumont et Cie. 1864–1904
  • Christoph Streb (GHI Paris), »Modern Sin« in a »Webbed Social Life«. Modernity and the Downsides of Connectivity in the Social Psychology of Edward Alsworth Ross

14.30 Anarchists as Social Figures of the Underworld

Chair: Corentin Marion (GHI Paris)

  • Carolyn J. Eichner (Univ. Wisconsin-Milwaukee), »Impulsive Insanity of a Mildly Homicidal Type«. Louise Michel and the Threat of International Dissident Networks
  • Robert Kramm (LMU Munich), Black Kraken. Anarchism, Imperial Japan, and Decentering Connectivity

16.30 Port Cities as Spaces of the Underworld

Chair: Eleonora Marchioni (GHI Paris)

  • Lasse Heerten (Univ. Bochum), Unterwelthafen Hamburg. Trading, Smuggling, and Policing Alcohol, Arms, and Humans in the Port of Hamburg, c. 1888–1914
  • Laurence Montel (Univ. Poitiers), Circulations internationales et »envers« marseillais au prisme du genre et de la »race« (années 1920–1930)

Thursday, 21 November 2024

9.30 Networks Against Networks. Imaginaries and Practices

Chair: Christoph Streb (GHI Paris)

  • Margarita Lerman (Simon Dubnow Institut Leipzig / Hebrew Univ. Jerusalem), A Fine Line? Gray Areas in Habsburg Policing Endeavors, 1860s–1910s
  • Daniele Toro (Univ. Bielefeld), From »Judeo-Bolshevism« to the »Spider’s Web«. Conspiracy Narratives and the Emergence of Transnational Fascist Dark Networking in the 1920s

11.30 From Imaginaries of Dark Networks to Migration Control

Chair: Mathilde Darley (CESDIP)

  • Roxane Bonnardel-Mira (Univ. Tours), »Faux papiers«. Ce que l’imaginaire du réseau obscur fait au contrôle de l’immigration à Paris dans les années 1920
  • Elisa Camiscioli (Binghamton Univ.), The »Traffic in Women« and Migration Control in Early Twentieth-Century Europe and the Americas

14.00 Traffickers as Social Figures of the Underworld

Chair: Alexandre Bibert (GHI Paris)

  • Paul Franke (Univ. Marburg), Dark Mirrors, Broken Gods, and Fearful Plots. Images and Imaginaries of Legal and Illegal Networks and Practices of the Global Art Market between 1860–1930
  • Kostis Gkotsinas (National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens), »The Greek Opium Kings«. Representations of Drug Smugglers in Interwar Greece
  • Andreas Guidi (Inalco), Lucky Luciano’s Mediterranean Shadow. Smuggling Networks in the Wake of (Under)World War II

16.30 Fictions and Sensations of the Underworld 

Chair: Nicolas Picard (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

  • Sarah Frenking (GHI Washington / ZZF Potsdam), »Vice, Inc«. Sensationalist Journalism and the »Traffic in Women« in Germany, France and North Africa in the 1950s
  • Sébastien Le Pajolec (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Italia Oscura, secrets à l’italienne. Le dévoilement des réseaux dans le cinéma populaire italien (1968–1978)

Friday, 22 November 2024

9.30 Tracing Networks, Imagining the Enemy

Chair: Laurence Badel (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne)

  • Ariane Mak (Univ. Paris Cité), Hunting Down Enemy Spy Codes. Suspicious Graffiti in Britain during the Second Word War
  • Caroline Ziani (Univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), »L’automne des espions«. Le démantèlement de réseaux d’espionnage clandestins à l’épreuve de la télévision
  • Maurice Cottier (Univ. Fribourg), Whitewash and »Organized Crime«. Switzerland’s Crisis-Ridden Transition from the Cold War to the Era of Globalization

12.00 Concluding Discussion

Organisation

  • Sarah Frenking (German Historical Institute Washington), Christoph Streb (Institut historique allemand),
  • Anne-Emmanuelle Demartini (univ. Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne),
  • Mathilde Darley (CESDIP),
  • en coopération avec le Käte Hamburger Kolleg global dis:connect (LMU Munich) et le Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung (Potsdam), avec le soutien généreux de la fondation Fritz Thyssen.

Places

  • Institut historique allemand 8, rue du Parc-Royal
    Paris, France (75003)

Event attendance modalities

Full on-site event


Date(s)

  • Wednesday, November 20, 2024
  • Thursday, November 21, 2024
  • Friday, November 22, 2024

Keywords

  • dark networks, transnational connections, international crime

Contact(s)

  • Christoph Streb
    courriel : cstreb [at] dhi-paris [dot] fr

Reference Urls

Information source

  • Christoph Streb
    courriel : cstreb [at] dhi-paris [dot] fr

License

CC0-1.0 This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.

To cite this announcement

« Dark Networks », Study days, Calenda, Published on Wednesday, November 13, 2024, https://doi.org/10.58079/12o08

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