Showing Architecture, 15th-20th Centuries: Power and its Symbols
Montrer l’architecture, XVe-XXIe siècles : le pouvoir et ses symboles
Published on Monday, January 06, 2025
Abstract
This symposium is aimed to investigate the phenomenon of “monstration” of architecture over several centuries, in its material, event-driven and symbolic aspects; symbolic aspect, in particular when it involves a power struggle, whether in the context of the architectural profession, cross-professional relations or, above all, expressions of central political (i.e. whether monarchical, imperial, republican, institutional, religious) or competition power.
Announcement
Overview
This symposium is aimed to investigate the phenomenon of "monstration"1 of architecture over several centuries, in its material, event-driven and symbolic aspects; symbolic aspect, in particular when it involves a power struggle, whether in the context of the architectural profession, cross-professional relations or, above all, expressions of central political (i.e. whether monarchical, imperial, republican, institutional, religious) or competition power.
In the first sense of the word, "montrer" (to show) is a verb meaning “to expose to view, to discover, to bring to light”2. The action of "faire voir" (making visible)3 directly implies two aspects emphasized in the Dictionnaire du Moyen Français: "faire lire" (get people to read), i.e. to support understanding in an interactive phase (within or outside the educational structure) and "laisser voir" (letting people see), as if there were a form of authority between the one who unveils by showing and the one who receives the information, vision and experience. In his preface to De Re Aedificatoria, Leon Battista Alberti introduced a complementary dimension to the action of making people see, emphasizing its power over making people believe4. At the same time, he urged people to consider the power of "monstration" as an intrinsic part of the gesture. A power that proves decisive when used by the public arena to establish their authority and inscribe it in time, to pass on a name, a memory.
In the 17th century, "to show" referred to a way of indicating (the informational dimension), the act of teaching (the desire to pass on), as well as the idea of proving or persuading (to prove) and, in the opposite sense, the verb was used in wordplays involving mockery or irony5. Another meaning of the word, less common in contemporary usage, relates to "moral things"6, and more specifically, to the sacred: “Jesus Christ has come to show us the way to heaven”7, according to the example given by Antoine Furetière (1690). The act of showing, as a phenomenon touching on epiphany, is particularly interesting in our context, since it gives this action (showing) a strong symbolic emphasis, resulting from a choice that separates the object worthy of presentation from other existing objects. Although this aspect appears in the worship of images8 or relics (e.g., the procession), it plays a more muted role in the monstration of architecture, which by nature conveys this embodiment of the sacred in a secondary or more exceptional way (religious buildings). However, showing is an act of individualization combined with the distinction of uniqueness revealed by the one who shows (whether an individual, a legal entity, a group, a power, an institution, a mechanism). This prestige may be linked to exemplariness, innovation or posterity, or conversely to anonymity, type or discovery. Beyond distinction, the power of "monstration" lies in its ability to dazzle. Whether this dazzling is the result of fear (the monster) or dissuasion (demonstrating strength)9. Since the 14th century, "faire la montre" has been used to describe the review of an army or regiment in a military context. Its power of attraction is also revealed in the expression "faire montre de" (to show/to demonstrate) or "montre10" in the world of trade, i.e. to arouse envy. But while "montre" (to show) is used to "make valuable" in order to boast, impress, dissuade or imitate, its opposite (to hide) also has a force that plays on attraction. The show-and-hide paradigm, like that of the exceptional "monstration", is particularly relevant here, as it is peppered throughout the history of architecture, as for example in the process of event-driven unveiling (1867-1875) of the Opéra Garnier in Paris.
At the crossroads of history of representations and microhistory, visual anthropology11 and the history of exhibitions, the history of political communication and that of cultural and heritage institutions12, this symposium focuses on the frameworks and issues involved in "making architecture visible"13 as an act of political assertion (cultural or religious policy, economic or social policy, circumstantial domination, legitimization, conciliation). This explains why architecture is understood here in a broader sense: from architectural representation (blueprint, model, engraving, drawing, relief) to the completed building, via the dreamed-of or described building, but also the construction site, use, transformation or ruin. All the different states of the architectural project are legitimate insofar as we are more interested in the contexts and underlying intentions of the act of showing, whether this is intended to seduce, celebrate, subjugate, counterfeit, demonstrate, impose, inform or reward.
The history of how architecture enters the field of public discourse involves different methods of transmission: from announcement to presentation of the project (private or public, to/from the client, to a restricted audience or the general public, virtual visit, citizen consultation, city news), via site visit, replica (of a monument, fragment, image), speech and conference (by the architect, the project owner or contractor, residents), training (specialized, general or introductory), print14 and publication (booklets, books, photograph or engraving albums, specialized editorial collection), audiovisual media (promotional movies, TV programs, websites, social networks, 3D immersions, virtual renderings), celebrating or challenging public space15 or through the exhibition. Whether in a private or public setting -domestic or museum-, in situ or not. Each of these mediums has already been studied scientifically16, enabling us today to draw up a theoretical and conceptual synthesis, focusing on the act of "monstration" of the architectural object as a medium of a symbolic discourse - whether of a social, political, ideological, commercial and aesthetic nature. Far from excluding the architectural exhibition - the most representative event for the general public in the contemporary period - this collective reflection will aim, on the one hand, to place it within a continuum of architectural "monstration" acts, by exploring continuities, changes and discontinuities of a process of highlighting a particular artifact (in the form of a representation, image, model or building) and, on the other hand, by questioning the institutional power plays that underpin this, as well as the positions of players that are negotiated in the act of showing17.
The chronology is thus intentionally broad, with the aim of highlighting different types of "monstration", different causes and different players, while at the same time attempting to identify recurring mechanisms. The aim is also to bring out a complementary history of architecture, emphasizing the idea of orchestrated promotion, which integrates on the same level mediums as diverse as image or offered blueprint, model, minted image (coin or medal), album, guidebook, exhibition, conference, visit, teaching, website.
Drawing on historically, socially and culturally focused case studies, contributors will focus on the mechanisms, intentions - verbalized or tacit - of those who show (mediators in the broadest sense) or those who create the conditions for "monstration", the nature of the associated discourse, and more particularly its legitimacy and symbolic dimension, the materiality and status of the artifact shown, and then how it is received by observers (first recipients, witnesses, peers, target audience, general public).
Research Axes
During the symposium, collective reflection will be structured around several trans-period questions and biases that can be addressed either cross-disciplinarily, through case studies, or by offering more general reflections on "monstration" of architecture.
- "monstration" players
- The object shown
- The link between image/object/architecture as shown and discourse
- The link between the act of "monstration" and the public space
Organisation
This symposium is the result of a partnership between the InTRU laboratory (EA 6301), the UMR CESR, and the InSHS-CNRS. It is being organized as part of Audrey Jeanroy’s residency at the Centre Pompidou and the CESR, within the InSHS-CNRS project, Un chercheur au musée (2024-2025). The event will take place over two days at the CESR, with the option to attend presentations via videoconference. The second day will be partially virtual.
Proposals for presentations in French or English, up to 3,000 characters, should include a title and a brief biography of the speaker.
Proposals should be submitted by February 21, 2025
to the following address: audrey.jeanroy@univ-tours.fr
Presentations in both French and English are accepted.
Timeline
- Call for Papers Released: December 12, 2024
-
Proposal Deadline: February 21, 2025
- Symposium: Week of November 24, 2025 (CESR, Tours)
A publication, online or otherwise, is planned following the symposium. It will not necessarily include all presentations from the two days. This publication project will be discussed between the scientific committee, participants, and the selected journal or publisher.
Scientific and Organization Committee
- Pascal Brioist (Professor of Modern History, University of Tours, CESR)
- Colin Debuiche (Lecturer in Modern Art History, University of Tours, CESR)
- Laurent Gerbier ("HDR" Lecturer in philosophy, University of Tours, Head of the InTRu Laboratory)
- Audrey Jeanroy (Lecturer in Contemporary Art History, University of Tours, InTRu-CESR)
- Christophe Morin (Lecturer in Modern Art History, University of Tours, InTRu)
Notes
1 The French noun "monstration", closer to the Latin origin of the verb "montrer" (monstrare), is widely used in contemporary research works, in particular in studies related to politics, psychoanalysis and culture. "Monstration" means: “to report, to mention something” [CNRTL, online in French].
2 Antoine Furetière, Dictionnaire universel, contenant généralement tous les mots françois tant vieux que modernes […], Tome 2, La Haye, Rotterdam, Arnout C Reinier Leers, 1690 [BNF Gallica, online].
3 "Monstrer", Dictionnaire du Moyen Français, article reviewed in 2015 by Pierre Cromer, accessible via CNRTL [online, in French]
4 Pierre Caye et Françoise Choay, éd., Leon Battista Alberti, L"art d"édifier, Paris, éditions du Seuil, 2004, p. 50.
5 Antoine Furetière, op. cit.,« Montréer […] On dit qu"un homme montre tout ce qu"il porte, quand il ne
cache pas bien les parties honteuses ».
6 Antoine Furetière, op. cit., « Montrer ».
7 Ibid.
8 Hans Belting, L"image et son public au Moyen âge (The Image and Its Public in The Middle Ages), Saint Pierre de Salerne, G. Monfort, 1998, 282 p.
9 "Montre", TLFi [online and in French].
10 At the end of the modern period, "montre" also had a meaning in the world of trade, symbolizing what merchants displayed on their store shelves or stores, and a sample that was used to show the nature of an ensemble.
11 Maud Hagelstein and Céline Letawe (dir.), Bildwissenschaft : débats contemporains sur l"image, Sesto San Giovanni, éditions Mimésis, 2022, 213 p., Emmanuel Alloa (dir.), Penser l"image. II, Anthropologies du visuel, Dijon, Les Presses du réel, 2015, 310 p.
12 Regarding the 20th century, we are thinking inter alia of actions of certain ministries (of Culture, Public Works, Reconstruction and Urban Planning, Quality of Life), the CMN, museums, FRACs, DRACs, the General Inventory of Cultural Heritage, Maisons de l'Architecture and art centers.
13 Here, this concept refers to the first sense of the expression, i.e. to give to see, without refining the possible spectrum of the concerned audience nor the acceleration of the time of visibility. For the contemporary period, see Nathalie Heinich, De la visibilité : excellence et singularité en régime médiatique, Paris, Gallimard, 2012, 593 p.
14 Richard Wittman, Architecture, Print Culture, and the Public Sphere In Eighteen-Century France (Architecture, culture de l"imprimé et sphère publique dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, Trad. Françoise Jaouën, Dijon, Les Presses du réel, 2019, 433 p.)
15 Giovanni Careri, Xavier Vert, and Cléo Pace, Louis Marin: Le pouvoir dans ses représentations, exhibition, May 29–July 26, 2008, INHA, Centre d"Histoire et de Théorie des Arts de l"EHESS, Paris, Institut National d"Histoire de l"Art, 2008, 96 p.; Louis Marin, Politiques de la représentation, Paris, éditions Kimé, 2005, 344 p.; Paul Blanquart, Une histoire de la ville: pour repenser la société [new ed.], Paris, La Découverte, 2004, 193 p.
16 Including Léa Tichit, Les expositions d"architecture contemporaines en France : des premières initiatives à une institutionnalisation (1914–1977), doctoral thesis, supervised by Gilles Ragot and Nicolas Meynen, Université Bordeaux 3, October 23, 2023; Anne-Marie Châtelet and Nathalie Lapeyre (eds.), Les mondes de l"enseignement de l"architecture : élèves, enseignants et enseignantes, Geneva, MétisPresses, 2023; Valérie Nègre (ed.), L"art du chantier : construire et démolir du XVIe au XXIe siècle, Paris, Cité de l"Architecture et du Patrimoine, Ghent, Snoeck, 2018; Giovanni Fanelli, Histoire de la photographie d"architecture, Lausanne, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romandes, 2016; Antoine Picon, Culture numérique et architecture : une introduction, Basel, Birkhäuser, 2010.
17 Werner Szambien, Le Musée d"architecture, Paris, Picard, 1988, 188 p.
Subjects
Places
- 59 rue Néricault Destouches
Tours, France (37)
Event attendance modalities
Hybrid event (on site and online)
Date(s)
- Friday, February 21, 2025
Keywords
- architecture, architecte, représentation, monstration, visibilité, exposition, communication, politique culturelle
Contact(s)
- Audrey Jeanroy
courriel : audrey [dot] jeanroy [at] univ-tours [dot] fr
Information source
- Audrey Jeanroy
courriel : audrey [dot] jeanroy [at] univ-tours [dot] fr
License
This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.
To cite this announcement
« Showing Architecture, 15th-20th Centuries: Power and its Symbols », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Monday, January 06, 2025, https://doi.org/10.58079/1308m

