A transnational history of film schools in the 20th century
Une histoire transnationale des écoles de cinéma au XXe siècle
Abstract
This online seminar aims to bring together researchers from different countries working on film schools in the 20th century from a historical and transnational perspective. The following themes will be addressed: the circulation of political ideas, artistic practices and the creation of transnational professional networks. The focus will be on the social actors – teachers, administrative staff and students – and their productions (student films).
Announcement
Argument
In order to extend the exchanges that have taken place in the context of the trilateral workshops entitled “Film schools in the 20th century: artistic circulations, political sociabilities and professional networks” held from 2021 to 2023 at Villa Vigoni (A German-Italian and French research project led by Gabrielle Chomentowski, Gesine Drews-Sylla, Caroline Moine & Stefano Pisu), this seminar will bring together researchers from all continents whose research in history, film history and film studies addresses the issue of training for the film professions.
While the VGIK, the Soviet Union's State Film Institute, founded in Moscow in 1919, inspired pedagogy in Roma (Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografica created in 1934) as well in in Paris (IDHEC 1944) and served as a model for the creation of film schools in several socialist countries during the Cold War (the FAMU in Prague, Łódź in Poland and the Potsdam-Babelsberg School in the GDR), each film school distinguished itself by asserting a singular identity, while maintaining strong links both with film professionals and with other schools and institutions.
As places of training, experimentation and artistic as well as political exchange, film schools are on the periphery of the film industries, while at the same time providing the seeds for future transformations in the film industry. A number of recent works have highlighted the richness and interest of the films made by students at these schools - an interest that seems to be confirmed by the recent programming of some of these films as part of festivals, retrospectives and exhibitions.
This ‘rediscovery’ and promotion of these student films highlights the many connections between the schools, underlining the circulation of images, ideas and people that they initiate.
This circulation takes place at several levels. Transnational circulation seems to be the most immediate, with foreign students and lecturers being welcomed into film schools, and foreign films that had not been programmed in the national cinema network being screened in these schools. More specifically to the period of decolonisation and the Cold War, these schools also raise the question of the reception and role of students from Africa, Latin America and Asia in Europe. Exchanges between the schools and the film and audiovisual industry are also a recurring issue, whether in terms of students' future career paths, the contribution of working professionals to training, or simply the possibility of access to a place for experimentation and reflection. The current re-circulation of student films also raises questions. While some schools are now opting to digitize the films made within their walls in order to share them more easily, others lack the resources to fully address these issues.
Based on this wide range of issues, the seminar aims to bring together researchers who are interested in one or other of these issues, from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. Particular attention will be paid to proposals from researchers in Africa, North America, Latin America, Asia and Oceania with whom we would like to exchange. We will welcome both completed research and more preliminary proposals from academics, independent researchers, young researchers and doctoral students, since the aim is also to exchange ideas on methodological issues. We will be using digital transcription and automatic translation tools, so participants who are not entirely comfortable in English or French (the main languages of the seminar) will be very welcome.
Proposals for papers may fall under one of the three following perspectives:
A transnational history of the social actors in film schools
- What are the trajectories of students and teachers, between several schools, several countries and/or several roles?
- What is the social, ethnic or gender composition of the social actors in these schools and how has it changed over time?
- What sources are we producing on this history by collecting interviews (oral history)?
A Film School transnational history
- How do the pedagogical and artistic dimensions, as well as the political and economic ones, fit into a transnational network (the role of CILECT, for example);
- How do film schools administration interact with the professional world or with other training places?
Student films as artistic objects and historical sources
- How can we access film and non-film sources to write a transnational history of film schools?
- What do these films tell us about the lives of these students and, in the case of foreign students, about the societies that welcomed them?
- Should the status of student films be rethought in terms of conservation, promotion and circulation in the context of the geopolitical issues that shook up the second 20th century (decolonisation, Cold War)?
- What are the ethical issues involved in returning their films to the former students who made them, or to the countries from which they came?
The seminar will take place online once a month from March to December 2025.
Submission guidelines
Proposals for papers should be around 500 words long and must specify the sources used and the main bibliographical references.
They should be accompanied by a short biography and sent
by 14 February 2025
for the session from March to June 2025,
and by 1 June 2025
for the session from September 2025 to June 2026
They will be sent to the following addresses: gabrielle.chomentowski@univ-paris1.fr, m.pierre.bouthier@u-picardie.fr, perrine.val@univ-montp3.fr.
Scientific coordination
- Gabrielle Chomentowski (CHS / CNRS-Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne)
- Marie Pierre-Bouthier (CRAE / Université de Picardie Jules Verne)
- Perrine Val (CIERA / Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier)
- Caroline Moine (CHCSC / Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines)
Short Bibliography
Clémence Andréys, Myriam Renaudot, « Ostdeutsche „Soft Power“ », www.bpb.de/552789, Deutschlandarchiv, 31.10.2024. En ligne : https://www.bpb.de/themen/deutschlandarchiv/552789/ostdeutsche-soft-power/
Lutz Basse, “Das Ausländerstudium an Universitäten, Hoch- und Fachschulen der DDR”, in: https://www.auslaender-in-der-ddr.com/home/studenten/situation-an-hoch-und-fachschulen, 18.07.2018.
Madeleine Bernstorff, Transnationales Lernen an der Deutschen Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (DFFB), https://dffb-archiv.de/editorial/transnationales-lernen
Ilka Brombach, « Filme ausländischer Student*innen an der Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen “Konrad Wolf“ », in Tilman Baumgärtel, Tobias Hering, In deutscher Gesellschaft, BPB-Onlinedossier, septembre 2018.
Ilka Brombach (éditrice des DVD), Babelsberger Freiheiten. Filme der Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen „Konrad Wolf“ 1957-1990, Berlin, absolut Medien, 2018.
Ilka Brombach, Tobias Ebbrecht, Chris Wahl, “Walls Have Never Held Us Back”: 60 Years of Student Films at the University Babelsberg Konrad Wolf. In: Mémoires d’écoles / Audio-visual archives and Memory in Schools. Cahier Louis-Lumière, 2015, Vol. 9, Num. 1, 78–85.
Gabrielle Chomentowski, « Caméra au poing et valise à la main: les mobilités étudiantes du sud vers les écoles de cinéma de l’Est socialiste », in Cahiers du monde russe, 63/3-4, 2022, p. 619-646.
Gabrielle Chomentowski, « Décolonisations et cinéma. Les étudiants africains en cinéma à Paris et Moscou (années 1940-1960) », in Diasporas, n°37, 2022, p. 41-60
Gabrielle Chomentowski, « Au cœur des réseaux africano-soviétiques : archives et trajectoire de l’écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais Ousmane Sembène », coécrit avec Françoise Blum et Constantin Katsakioris, in Sources. Material & Fieldwork in African Studies, IFRA Nairobi, dec 2021, n°3: 99-135.
Gabrielle Chomentowski, “Filmmakers from Africa and Middle East trained at VGIK during the Cold War”, in Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, vol 13, issue 3, 2019, pp. 189-198.
Frank Hirschinger, Der Spionage verdächtig. Asylanten und ausländische Studenten in Sachsen-Anhalt 1945-1970, Göttingen, 2009.
Mette Hjort (eds.), The Education of the Filmmakers in Africa, the Middle East and the Americas, New York, MacMillan 2013
Constantin Katsakioris, Leçons soviétiques : la formation des étudiants africains et arabes en URSS pendant la guerre froide, thèse en Histoire et civilisations, Paris, EHESS, 2015.
Constantin Katsakioris, “Arab Students’ Training in the Soviet Union during the Cold War (1956-1991)”, in Revue européenne des migrations internationales n°32 (2), 2013, pp. 13–38.
Flavia Laviosa &alii (ed.), "International students at the Centro Sperimetnale di Cinematografia in Rome: 1935-2020: A history to be written", Journal of Italian Cinema and Media Studies, vol 9, issue 2, 2021.
M. Lipska & M. Talarczyk, Hope is of a Different Color. from the Global South to the Lodz Film School, Chicago, The University Chicago Press, 2022.
Damian Mac Con Uladh, “"Studium bei Freunden?" Ausländische Studierende in der DDR bis 1970”, in: Patrice G. Poutrus, Christian Th. Müller (dir.), Ankunft-Alltag-Ausreise. Migration und interkulturelle Begegnung in der DDR Gesellschaft, Cologne, 2005, pp. 175-220.
Léa Morin, Cinima 3, Łódź-Casablanca, La Pologne pour devenir cinéaste marocain: expérimentations artistiques, luttes politiques, tricontinentale et cinéma à l’école de Łódź dans les années 1960 et 1970, https://cinima3.com/Lodz-Casablanca, exposition virtuelle
Duncan Petrie, Rod Stoneman, Educating Film-makers, Past, present and future, Intellect, 2014.
Duncan Petrie, “Theory, Practice and Significance of Film Schools”, Scandia, vol (2), 2010, p. 31-46.
Marie Pierre-Bouthier, “A founding transnational experience for the pioneers of Moroccan national cinema: studying in Łódz film school in the 1960s-70s”, in The Journal of North African Studies, 2022. En ligne : https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/QRPSKEMEVUSZIN6KYH5K/full?target=10.1080/13629387.2022.2036978
Marie Pierre-Bouthier, “The transnational trajectories of Moroccan filmmakers: Film training between socialist Poland and postcolonial France in the 1960s and 1970s”, in International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 54, No. 3, 2021, numéro dirigé par Constantin Kastakioris et Eric Burton, Boston University African Studies Center : pp. 355-376 : https://www.academia.edu/75154458/The_transnational_trajectories_of_Moroccan_filmmakers_Film_training_between_socialist_Poland_and_postcolonial_France_in_the_1960s_and_1970s
Masha Salazkina, “(V)GIK and the History of Film Education in the Soviet Union 1920-1930”, in Birgit Beumers (eds.), A Compagnion to Russian cinema, John Wiley and Sons, 2016, p. 45-65.
Rasha Salti, Saving Bruce Lee, African and Arab Cinema in the Era of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy, Berlin, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, 2018, 122 pages, ca. 64 illustrations.
Tereza Stejskalova, Filmmakers from the World Unite : Forgotten Internationalism, Czechoslovak Film and the Third World, Vydal: transit.cz, 2018.
Horst Zeun, « Das Ausländerstudium an der HFF », in Hartmut Albrecht (dir.), 25 Jahre Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen der DDR. Versuch einer historischen Bilanz, Filmwissenschaftliche Beiträge 1, 1979.
Exhibitions
« Saving Bruce Lee : African and Arab Cinema in the Era of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy », exhibition curated by Rasha Salti & Koyo Kouoh at Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, 2018
“Podróż [voyage] : Devenir cinéaste marocain en Pologne”, film screenings of films made by Marrocan students trained in Lodz, curated by Léa Morin & Marie Pierre-Bouthier at Paris & La Rochelle, 2023 ;
“Echos der Bruderländer”, exhibition curated by Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung at Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, 2024 ;
“Die DEFA-Stiftung präsentiert: Babelsberger Filmhochschule 1954–2024” , film screenings curated by Ilka Brombach at Arsenal Berlin, 2024.
Event attendance modalities
Full online event
Keywords
- cinéma, formation, circulations, film, étudiant, décolonisation, guerre froide, école de cinéma
Contact(s)
- Perrine Val
courriel : perrine [dot] val [at] univ-montp3 [dot] fr - Gabrielle Chomentowski
courriel : Gabrielle [dot] Chomentowski [at] univ-paris1 [dot] fr - Marie Pierre-Bouthier
courriel : m [dot] pierre [dot] bouthier [at] u-picardie [dot] fr
License
This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.
To cite this announcement
« A transnational history of film schools in the 20th century », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Friday, January 31, 2025, https://doi.org/10.58079/137p2
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