HomeThe Challenges of the United Nations (UN) in the light of its 80th Anniversary

The Challenges of the United Nations (UN) in the light of its 80th Anniversary

Les défis de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) à l’aune de ses 80 ans

Critical Reflections and Perspectives

Réflexions critiques et perspectives

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Published on Friday, June 13, 2025

Abstract

Every ten years, the United Nations celebrates the anniversary of its creation. Each time it is an opportunity to adapt the Organization to the world around it.  In 1995, the Secretary-General saw in the fiftieth anniversary the opportunity for a transition de la vieille à la nouvelle ONU. A similar ambition guided the Millennium Summit in 2005, during which it was a question of “using imagination to strengthen [the] structures”, as Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General, pointed out. What about twenty years later?

Announcement

Issues

Every ten years, the United Nations celebrates the anniversary of its creation. Each time it is an opportunity to adapt the Organization to the world around it.  In 1995, the Secretary-General saw in the fiftieth anniversary the opportunity for a transition "de la vieille à la nouvelle ONU"[1]. A similar ambition guided the "Millennium Summit" in 2005, during which it was a question of "using imagination to strengthen [the] structures", as Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General, pointed out. What about twenty years later?

In its Declaration on the commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Organization, the General Assembly foreshadowed for the next ten years a " decade of action and delivery for sustainable development", as it will be "the most critical of our generation"[2]. The year 2030 therefore appears to be a decisive turning point.

Yet, at the halfway point, the results seem heterogeneous and often insufficient, particularly in developing countries where successive crises have considerably slowed down the implementation of the SDGs[3].

While 2020 was supposed to mark the beginning of a decade of ambitious actions, the Covid-19 pandemic led to a setback in the progress made. At the same time, climate change requires an acceleration of international efforts to limit warming to below 1.5°C, in accordance with the Paris Agreement. In this context, the ability of the United Nations to mobilize its Member States around concrete commitments is more crucial than ever. The coming years will be decisive in transforming political commitments into tangible actions and achieving the goals set by 2030[4].

Yet, the financing of the United Nations and its agencies is a major challenge, directly influencing its ability to fulfil its mandates. The regular budget of the United Nations is mainly financed by the assessed contributions of Member States, calculated according to a distribution key that considers their capacity to pay. However, delays and defaults by some States have led to liquidity crises, hampering the optimal functioning of the Organization[5]. Moreover, the resources allocated to peacekeeping operations, which are essential for international stability, depend on geopolitical affinities and tensions. In general, they face recurrent budget deficits, limiting their effectiveness on the ground[6].

In addition, UN funds and programmes, such as UNICEF or UNDP, rely heavily on voluntary contributions from Member States and other donors. This dependence makes them vulnerable to fluctuations in donor commitments, undermining the planning and implementation of their programmes[7].

While the UN has historically gone through several financial crises, the report drawn up by the Secretary-General in May 2024 is alarming[8]. It highlights fluctuating cash flow, the lowest collection rate in the last five years (82.3% in 2023) and record arrears of $859 million, compromising the execution of mandates[9]. The financial crisis is also affecting peacekeeping operations, with the risk of late payments to contributing countries[10]. The report stresses the urgent need for sustainable solutions and better regularity of payments by Member States. In the face of these challenges, there have been calls for reform of the international financial system. The Addis Ababa Action Agenda and Goal 17 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasize capacity building and the global partnership for sustainable development, including innovative financing strategies[11]. In short, ensuring stable and adequate funding for the United Nations is essential to ensure the effectiveness of its actions and the achievement of its global objectives.

For the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, this symposium offers an in-depth and multidisciplinary analysis of the achievements, limits and prospects of this founding organization of contemporary multilateralism. This scientific meeting aims to bring together academics, researchers, practitioners and experts around a critical and forward-looking reflection on the role and evolution of the UN in an international context marked by systemic upheavals and major geopolitical rebuilding. 

Thematic axes

To frame the reflections, three main axes have been identified, but are not exhaustive:

Axis 1: Justice and settlement of international disputes

This axis examines the role of the United Nations in the administration of international justice and the peaceful settlement of disputes. He is interested in the judicial and quasi-judicial institutions related to the UN system, in particular the evolution of the role and jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice. The analysis will also focus on the interactions between the different mechanisms for the settlement of conflicts, the coexistence of legal pluralism and the quest for universality of norms, as well as the challenges related to the execution of decisions and their legitimacy in a changing international order.

Axis 2: The United Nations between reforms and institutional blockages

This axis analyzes the internal dynamics of the UN system by focusing on the issues of governance, transparency and representativeness within the main and subsidiary organs. The aim is to examine institutional reforms, both those implemented and those that have remained at the project stage, by questioning their feasibility and their limits. Moreover, the question of the financing of the United Nations is a major issue, influencing both the independence of the Organization and its ability to act. Budgetary constraints, distribution of contributions and alternative financing strategies will be addressed as key factors in UN reform.

Axis 3: The place of specialized agencies and non-state actors in the UN system

This axis explores the role of specialized agencies, regional organizations, NGOs and private actors in the implementation of the UN's goals. The aim here is to analyse the complementarities and possible tensions between these actors and the UN bodies, by questioning their normative influence, their capacity for action and their legitimacy. The focus will include synergies and challenges faced by actors in key areas such as climate, global health or digitalisation.

Submission Procedures

Proposals for papers of no more than two pages should include a summary of the paper that sets out the research question, the research methods and the thesis defended. All proposals for papers should be accompanied by a curriculum vitae and a short bibliography. These proposals should be sent to the following address: afnuaix@gmail.com with the subject line: Colloque ONU, LAST NAME and first name

before June 23, 2025. 

Contributions can be submitted in French or English. Proposals will be reviewed by a scientific committee and successful authors will be notified by July 15, 2025.

We encourage contributions from PhD students and young researchers, as well as from practitioners responsible for applying and interpreting the law as well as from policy makers. The call is also open to all disciplines other than law, as long as the candidates have a research subject directly related to the research axes.

Publication

The selected papers may be published in a special issue of the United Nations Observer.

Scientific Committee

  • Romain LE BOEUF, Professeur (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)
  • Tiphaine DEMARIA, Maître de conférences (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)
  • Habib TOURE, Maître de conférences (UGA, UR CESICE)
  • Margaux BEGLIMINI, doctorante contractuelle (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)
  • Teddy Junior CROZATIER, doctorant contractuel (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)
  • Maxiane MONTEUX, doctorante contractuelle (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)
  • Nicolas PETROSINO, doctorant contractuel (AMU, CERIC, UMR DICE)

Notes

[1] A. Novosseloff, "La réforme des Nations Unies. Défis et perspectives", op. cit., p. 3.

[2] A/RES/75/1, op. cit., para. 7.

[3] Réseau des Solutions pour le Développement Durable, Le monde risque de perdre une décennie de progrès sur les Objectifs de Développement Durable, p. 2, available at https://www.sdgindex.org/. For the report, see Sustainable Development Report, Dublin, 2024, available at https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/.

[4] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Tracking progress on food and agriculture-related SDG indicators, 2023, available at https://www.fao.org/.

[5] United Nations, UN Funding, available at https://www.un.org/.

[6] United Nations, Selected General Assembly documents relating to the approved resources for UN Peacekeeping operations, available at https://peacekeeping.un.org/.

[7] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Funding, available at https://www.undp.org/.

[8] A/78/524/Add.1, Financial situation of the United Nations, Report of the Secretary-General, 13 May 2024.

[9] Ibid., para. 10 and 14, pp. 4 and 5.

[10] Ibid., pp. 5-7.

[11] United Nations, Addis Ababa Action Agenda and Financing for Development, available at https://www.un.org/.

Places

  • Bâtiment Cassin, Salle 3.3, 3e étage - 3 Avenue Robert Schuman
    Aix-en-Provence, France (13090)

Event attendance modalities

Full on-site event


Date(s)

  • Monday, June 23, 2025

Keywords

  • ONU, nations unies, droit international, relations internationales, conflit, paix, maintient de la paix, communauté internationale

Reference Urls

Information source

  • Teddy Junior CROZATIER
    courriel : afnuaix [at] gmail [dot] com

License

CC0-1.0 This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.

To cite this announcement

« The Challenges of the United Nations (UN) in the light of its 80th Anniversary », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Friday, June 13, 2025, https://doi.org/10.58079/144ac

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