HomeConveying Meaning through Iconic Visual Languages

Conveying Meaning through Iconic Visual Languages

Transmission du sens par les langages iconiques visuels

Sinnübertragung durch visuelle ikonische Sprachen

Theory, Practice, and Didactics – A interdisciplinary Exchange

Théorie, pratique et didactique, un échange interdisciplinaire

Theorie, Praxis und Didaktik, ein interdisziplinärer Austausch

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Published on Thursday, November 20, 2025

Abstract

This conference thus aims to bring together current interdisciplinary perspectives on the functioning of visual iconic communication. It seeks to examine the structural, cultural-semiotic, social, and technological conditions of visual iconic language systems. The interdisciplinary dialogue aspires to foster new theoretical and didactic approaches to the study and teaching of visual languages in scientific and social contexts.

Announcement

Presentation

Visual signs permeate all areas of communication, from everyday life to science, art, technology, and education. In signed languages as well as in certain written languages, comics, infographics, protest signs, or emoji-based communication, iconic language enables the transmission of complex content through visual resemblance, drawing on cultural models embedded in specific media and social contexts. Iconic communication operates neither as purely arbitrary nor as universally intelligible – it is situated within distinct symbolic practices.

Building on a first conference held in Paris (2023) with the support of the UFA/DFH and the DAAD, which explored the transdisciplinary nature of semiotic thought in both theory and practice (see Sähn/Schröer/Sinn 2025), this second meeting will focus on iconic visual languages. The central question of this conference is how meaning is produced, received, contextualized, and conveyed through visual signs. Once again, semiotics will be understood as a transdisciplinary framework – an adaptable toolkit for analyzing and designing meaning-making processes across diverse scientific and practical fields.

Theoretical Background and Rationale

Since Peirce’s tripartite division of signs into icons, indices, and symbols (CP 2.247ff.), iconic signs have been defined as signs that resemble what they represent “in certain respects” (Morris 1946: 191). This notion of resemblance may seem intuitive: we expect the image of a product to match the product itself, a city map to correspond to the actual layout of the streets, or a diagram to faithfully represent a process. Yet, “resemblance” remains a vague and contingent concept: as Goodman (1976: 3) pointed out, a painting of Marlborough Castle may have more in common with another painting than with the castle itself (see also Peirce CP 2.634). It is therefore difficult to draw clear boundaries between iconic, indexical (causal-existential) and symbolic (conventional) signs. The permeability between semiotic categories, observed by Peirce (EP 2.481) and hinted at by Saussure (1971/1916: 100–101), implies that iconicity must always be conceived as a matter of degree (Morris 1946: 191).

Any iconic sign only shares a selected subset of features with its referent – an inherently arbitrary – integrating these features into a system of units that distinguishes the sign from the object it represents and transforming them in such a way that they can only be perceived as identical at a higher semantic level (Eco 1978: 153; Groupe µ 1992: 138; Morgagni/Chevalier 2012: 142ff.). This perspective leads to two main consequences.

First, iconicity must be understood as emerging from the combination of distinctive units. It is thus unsurprising that the question of the compositional rules of visual languages arose in early structuralism, whether in cinema (Metz 1964), static images (Barthes 1964), or comics (Krafft 1978). In general semiotics, however, once the existence of universal linguistic codes had been established, scholars sought to distinguish those specifically underlying iconic discourse (Hjelmslev 1971/1948; Jakobson 1966; Eco 1978; Greimas 1984; Groupe µ 1992; Morgagni/Chevalier 2012; Dondero 2020). While these approaches gradually moved away from linguistic modeled structuralist systems, iconicity has regained importance in linguistics, particularly in research on written and signed languages (Stokoe 1960; Padden 1988; Cuxac 2000; Perniss et al. 2010).

Second, iconicity cannot be understood independently of the communicative situation in which a sign is interpreted. Every perceptual phenomenon carries iconic potential, yet cultural and textual contexts at the moment of reception profoundly shape the meaning attributed to what is perceived as iconic. Barthes’ analysis of the mythical semantics of images (1957) and Lotman’s model of the semiosphere (1990) show how culture, media, and collectively stabilized meaning-making processes guide interpretation, leading to significant variability in how visual phenomena are understood. Visual communication, too, is only possible if a semiotic community possesses a shared interpretive repertoire. Whether through standardized codes or (proto)typical forms drawn from artistic, scientific, or social domains, the meaning of images only emerges through culturally specific reading practices, as does that of maps and diagrams (Eco 1970; Joly 2009/1993; Kress/van Leeuwen 1996; Krämer 2016; Burge 2018; Dahan-Gaida 2023). Even image-recognition neural networks analyze relational structures between visual elements so as to reconstruct typified patterns – an approach which is reminiscent of structuralist theories, yet conditioned by culturally biased training data (LeCun et al. 1998; Krizhevsky et al. 2012; Tan/Le 2019). Machine interpretation of visual signs thus relies on mechanisms of selection and typification – much like human interpretation, yet without cultural awareness.

Cultural-semiotic approaches therefore emphasize that iconicity is not an inherent property of a sign but the result of interpretive practices. It cannot be described independently of recipients, media, and contextual conditions. What is perceived as iconic depends on individual experiences, collectively stabilized knowledge, and medial contexts – whether in human communication, automated image processing, or even interspecies interaction (cf. Maran 2017: 71). This perspective opens productive avenues for the didactics of visual languages: iconic signs not only facilitate linguistic acquisition (Nielsen et al. 2020) but also enable complex forms of knowledge and meaning transfer (Mayer 2009; Henke 2014), provided that cultural and contextual presuppositions are critically examined.

With the research program eikones (e. g. Belting 2007), the image became a "separate representation of being analogous to the logos" in the course of the so-called iconic turn, which unfolds its power independently of language (Boehm 2007: 29). This shift towards a genuinely pictorial episteme – continued, for example, in Heßler/Mersch (2015) – has decisively shaped the cultural-semiotic and pictorial discussion and forms a central theoretical point of reference for current approaches to image didactic research. Cultural-semiotic approaches, whose potential has recently been highlighted for teacher training (Zimmermann et al. 2019), can undoubtedly be leveraged for the didactic use of iconic visual systems.

The eikones research program (Belting 2007) allows us to consider the image as a fully-fledged representation of the world, comparable to what language provides, yet without depending on it (cf. Boehm 2007: 29). This is characteristic of the iconic turn: images are understood as possessing their own capacity for meaning. This shift toward an authentically pictorial epistemé – which is further developed, for example, in the work of Heßler/Mersch (2015) – has decisively shaped cultural and pictorial semiotic discourse and constitutes a central theoretical reference point for current approaches in image education research.

Conference Objectives

This conference aims to bring together current interdisciplinary perspectives on the functioning of visual iconic communication. It seeks to examine the structural, cultural-semiotic, social, and technological conditions of visual iconic language systems. The interdisciplinary dialogue aspires to foster new theoretical and didactic approaches to the study and teaching of visual languages in scientific and social contexts.

Given the growing importance of visual communication, a deeper understanding of iconic signs in diverse media and cultural settings is needed. The conference invites early-career and established researchers from all disciplines concerned with the structure and functioning of visual iconic language systems to submit proposals. Particular attention will be given to contributions exploring the didactic potential of these systems in primary, secondary, and higher education. Proposals exploring current educational curricula, presenting empirical studies on the effectiveness of visual iconic systems in teacher training, or discussing concrete pedagogical concepts for school and university contexts are especially encouraged.

Participants are invited to address the following questions, integrating the theoretical, cultural, medial, and didactic dimensions of visual iconic language systems:

1. Semiotic and Cultural-Semiotic Foundations of Iconic Languages

  • Which theoretical models (such as those of Peirce, Saussure, Morris, or Lotman) best describe iconicity in a differentiated manner?
  • Do visual iconic language systems possess their own grammar, or is it determined by medium-specific characteristics?
  • To what extent can iconicity be understood not as an inherent property but as a culturally shaped interpretive relation?
  • How does the meaning of iconic signs evolve depending on cultural patterns of perception, medial contexts, and collective knowledge?
  • What role does Lotman’s semiosphere play in shaping, translating, or limiting iconic meanings within cultural spaces?
  • In what intercultural contexts do misunderstandings or reinterpretations of visual signs arise?

2. Visual Signs in Public Space: Protest, Street Art, Urban Iconicity

  • How do practitioners of street art, graffiti, visual protest, or visual campaigns use iconic signs to produce meaning?
  • What codes and strategies characterize visual political language in urban spaces?
  • To what extent can visual forms of protest be analyzed as semiotic systems with specific grammaticalization and iconicity strategies?
  • How do media technologies (e.g., digital reproduction, social networks) affect the visibility, circulation, and recoding of such signs?

3. Iconicity, Multimodality, and Digital Communication

  • What roles do emojis, GIFs, memes, or filtered images play in communicating meaning in digital spaces?
  • How does iconic communication function within the multimodal formats of social media?
  • How do visual meaning-making processes differ when enacted by humans, artificial intelligences, or other non-human actors?
  • How do algorithms, image databases, and training sets influence the semantic performance of automated visual recognition systems?

4. Art, Visual Narration, and Visual Language Systems

  • What articulatory principles govern the combination of iconic units in written and signed languages, comics, animated film, design, or the visual arts?
  • How can media with varying degrees of iconicity (e.g., abstract paintings, photographs, diagrams) be semiotically distinguished?
  • To what extent can visual narratives be understood as autonomous language systems structured by syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations?
  • What roles do visual metaphors and typifications play in knowledge representation and transmission?

5. Didactics of Visual Language Systems: Education, Inclusion, Literacy

  • How can visual communication support the acquisition of languages (first or foreign), disciplinary knowledge, or practical skills?
  • What is the role of iconic representations in inclusive and multilingual education?
  • How can visual literacy be developed in educational contexts – for example, through gesture-based communication, comics, or pictograms?
  • How can cultural-semiotic approaches inform critical reflection on visual signs in pedagogical settings?

Abstract Submission Guidelines

Abstracts (300–500 words, excluding references) should include:

  • a title
  • 5 keywords
  • a brief biographical note (max. 100 words)

Submissions should be sent in PDF or Word format to:

  • marie.schroeer@uni-potsdam.de,
  • Christian.Sinn@phsg.ch,
  • saghie.sharifzadeh@sorbonne-universite.fr,
  • thomas.sahn@sorbonne-universite.fr

before January 5, 2026

Languages: English, German, French

Calendar

  • Deadline for submissions: January 5, 2026
  • Notification of acceptance: January 30, 2026
  • Conference Dates and Venue: July 1–3, 2026, University of Potsdam

Organizers

  • Marie Schröer (University of Potsdam)
  • Christian Sinn (PH St. Gallen)
  • Thomas Sähn (Sorbonne University, Paris)
  • Saghie Sharifzadeh (Sorbonne University, Paris)

Moderation

  • International students of the interdisciplinary Summer School Picture this! Visual Meaning Making in Theory and Practice at the University of Potsdam, June 29 – July 3, 2026

References cited

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Barthes, Roland. 1964. Rhétorique de l’image. Communications 4, 40–51.

Belting, Hans (Hg.). 2007. Bilderfragen. Die Bildwissenschaften im Aufbruch. Munich, Fink.

Boehm, Gottfried. 2007. “Das Paradigma ›Bild‹. Die Tragweite der ikonischen Episteme”. In Belting (Hg.): Bilderfragen. Munich, Fink, 77–82.

Burge, Tyler. 2018. “Iconic Representation: Maps, Pictures, and Perception“. In Wuppuluri, Shyam & Dorio, Francisco Antonio (eds.), The Map and the Territory: Exploring the Foundations of Science, Thought and Reality, 79–100. New York, Springer.

Cuxac, Christian. 2000. La Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Les voies de l'iconicité. Faits de Langues 15–16. Paris, Ophrys.

Dahan-Gaida, Laurence. 2023. L’art du diagramme. Sciences, littérature, arts. L’Imaginaire du Texte. Saint-Denis, Presses universitaires de Vincennes.

Dondero, Maria Giulia. 2020. Les Langages de l'image. De la peinture aux Big Visual Data, Paris, Editions Hermann.

Eco, Umberto. 1970. „Sémiologie des messages visuels“. Communications 15, 11–51.

Eco, Umberto. 1978. „Pour une reformulation du concept de signe iconique”. Communications 29. Image(s) et culture(s), 141–191.

Goodman, Nelson. 1976. Languages of Art. Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company.

Greimas, Algirdas J. 1984. Semiotique figurative et sémiotique plastique. Actes sémiotiques – Documents 60, Paris, Institut National de la Langue Française.

Groupe µ. 1992. Traité du signe visuel. Pour une rhétorique de l’image. Paris, Le Seuil.

Henke, Silvia. 2014. Was heisst «künstlerisches Denken»? Hamburg, Kunstpädagogisches Forum.

Heßler, Martina/Mersch, Dieter. 2015. Logik des Bildlichen. Bielefeld, transcript.

Hjelmslev, Louis. 1971. „La Structure fondamentale du langage“ [übers. aus dem Dänischen von Una Canger]. In Hjelmslev, L., Prolégomènes à une théorie du langage [1948]. Paris, Éditions de Minuit, 173–227.

Jakobson, Roman. 1966. „À la recherche de l’essence du langage“. Diogène 51. Problèmes du langage, pp. 22–38.

Joly, Martine. 2009. Introduction à l’analyse de l’image [1993]. Paris, Armand Colin.

Krafft, Ulrich. 1978. Comics lesen: Untersuchungen zur Textualität von Comics. Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta.

Krämer, Sybille. 2016. Figuration, Anschauung, Erkenntnis. Grundlinien einer Diagrammatologie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

Kress, Gunther/Van Leeuwen, Theo. 1996. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London/New York, Routledge

Krizhevsky, Alex/Sutskever, Ilya/Hinton, Geoffrey E. 2012. „ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks“. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS).

LeCun, Yann/Bottou, Léon/Bengio, Yoshua/Haffner, Patrick. 1998. “Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition”. Proceedings of the IEEE.

Lotman, Juri M. 2010. Die Innenwelt des Denkens: Eine semiotische Theorie der Kultur. Berlin, Suhrkamp.

Maran, Timo. 1971. Mimicry and Meaning. Structure and Semiotics of Biological Mimicry. New York, Springer.

Mayer, Richard E. 2009. Multimedia Learning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Metz, Christian. 1964. „Le cinema. Langue ou langage ?“. Communications 4, 52–90.

Morgagni Simone/Chevalier Jean-Marie. 2012. „Iconicité et ressemblance. Une remontée sémiotique aux sources de la cognition“. Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive 58. Sémiotique et pensée, 91–171.

Morris, Charles. 1946. Signs, Language and Behavior. New York, Prentice Hall.

Nielsen, Alan K. S./Dingemanse, Mark. 2019. “Iconicity in Word Learning and Beyond. A Critical Review”. Developmental Review 64/1.

Padden, Carol A. 1988. Interaction of Morphology and Syntax in American Sign Language. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics, Series IV. New York: Garland Press.

Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1995. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce [1931–1958]. Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press.

Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1998. The Essential Peirce. Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 2 (1893–1913). Bloomington / Indianapolis, Indiana University Press.

Perniss, Pamela/Thompson, Robin L./Vigliocco, Gabriella. 2010. „Iconicity as a General Property of Language: Evidence from Spoken and Signed Languages“. Frontiers in Psychology 1, 1–15.

Sähn, Thomas/Schröer, Marie/ Sinn, Christian. 2025. Semiotik & Transdisciplinarität. vis-à-vis – Semiotik transdisziplinär 1. Berlin, Frank & Timme.

Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1971. Cours de linguistique générale [1916]. Paris, Édition Payot & Rivages.

Stokoe, William. 1960. Sign language structure. An outline of the visual communication systems of the American Deaf. Occasionnal Papers 8, University of Buffalo.

Tan, Mingxing/Le, Quoc V. 2019. „EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks”.International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).

Zimmermann, Amelie/Dick, Mirjam/ Knapp, Dorothe/ Seefried, Romina (eds.). 2019. Spuren, Netze, Horizonte. Potenziale der Semiotik in der Lehrer*innenbildung, Schriften zur Kultur- und Medensemiotik (SKMS) 7. Online: https://www.kultursemiotik.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/SKMS_2019_7_Spuren_Netze_Horizonte.pdf [06.11.2025].

Places

  • Am Neuen Palais 10
    Potsdam, Federal Republic of Germany (14469)

Event attendance modalities

Hybrid event (on site and online)


Date(s)

  • Monday, January 05, 2026

Keywords

  • Iconicité, langages visuels, sémiotique, didactique, interdisciplinarité

Contact(s)

  • Saghie Sharifzadeh
    courriel : saghie [dot] sharifzadeh [at] sorbonne-universite [dot] fr
  • Marie Schröer
    courriel : marie [dot] schroeer [at] uni-potsdam [dot] de
  • Christian Sinn
    courriel : christian [dot] Sinn [at] phsg [dot] ch

Information source

  • Thomas Sähn
    courriel : thomas [dot] sahn [at] sorbonne-universite [dot] fr

License

CC0-1.0 This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.

To cite this announcement

« Conveying Meaning through Iconic Visual Languages », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Thursday, November 20, 2025, https://doi.org/10.58079/156eq

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