Ce numéro de la revue Esclavages et Post-Esclavages explorera divers aspects de la mise en esclavage illégale et de la remise en esclavage dans le monde atlantique, du xv^e siècle à nos jours et accueillera des contributions en anglais, français, portugais ou espagnol.

This issue of the journal Esclavages et Post-Esclavages will explore various aspects of illegal enslavement and re-enslavement in the Atlantic world from the 15th century to the present day and will welcome contributions in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish.

Esta edição da revista Escravidão e Pós-Escravidão explorará vários aspetos da escravidão ilegal e da reescravidão no mundo atlântico, desde o século XV até aos dias de hoje, e aceitará contribuições em inglês, francês, português ou espanhol.

Éditrices scientifiques

• Beatriz Mamigonian, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
• Mariana Dias Paes, The American University of Paris

Argumentaire

L’esclavage a été une institution légale dans différentes juridictions du monde atlantique jusqu’au tournant du xxᵉ siècle. Néanmoins, même pendant les périodes où la légalité de l’institution de l’esclavage était largement reconnue, certaines pratiques de mise en esclavage étaient considérées comme illégales. Celles-ci variaient considérablement en fonction des conditions religieuses, politiques et économiques. Dans le monde chrétien, la mise en esclavage de ceux considérés comme infidèles ou païens était accepté, et les guerres contre eux étaient justifiées. La légalité de la mise en esclavage des peuples autochtones d’Amérique a été débattue dès les premières décennies de l’occupation européenne du continent et est restée contestée jusqu’au xixᵉ siècle. La mise en esclavage des Africains a également été remise en question. Plus récemment, les historiens ont soulevé la question de savoir si l’esclavage était réellement une institution légale dans les régions africaines d’où hommes et femmes étaient embarqués de force pour les Amériques. Des enlèvements et des trahisons ont été pratiqués dans les juridictions africaines et dans les régions soumises à la domination coloniale, avec la participation directe ou la complicité des responsables coloniaux et des trafiquants européens, pour alimenter le commerce transatlantique.

Au xixᵉ siècle, avec les initiatives visant à abolir la traite transatlantique, la montée de l’abolitionnisme et l’émergence de politiques d’émancipation graduelle, les trafiquants d’esclaves et les propriétaires d’esclaves ont cherché à garantir leur accès aux personnes asservies par des mécanismes renouvelés de mise illégale en esclavage et de contrebande. Les personnes libres de couleur étaient exposées à ce risque tandis que les affranchis pouvaient parfois être remis en esclavage. Dans le contexte de la montée des États-nations indépendants et des transformations dans la tenue des registres, les propriétaires d’esclaves ont souvent profité des dispositifs bureaucratiques pour légaliser la possession de personnes acquises illégalement, malgré une surveillance publique croissante.

Si l’on reconnaît que les empires coloniaux se sont construits sur l’exploitation des travailleurs esclaves, il est nécessaire de porter un nouveau regard sur l’ampleur de l’illégalité au sein de ces systèmes. La contrebande massive vers Cuba et le Brésil au xixᵉ siècle, et la mise illégale en esclavage qui en a résulté, de plus d’un million d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants africains, avec le soutien des gouvernements locaux, ont généré des richesses qui ont irrigué le système bancaire, renforcé le pouvoir des élites terriennes et naturalisé des actes criminels contre les travailleurs, dont les conséquences se font sentir aujourd’hui.

Ce numéro spécial explorera divers aspects de la mise en esclavage illégale et de la remise en esclavage dans le monde atlantique, du xv^e siècle à nos jours, et accueillera des contributions en anglais, français, portugais ou espagnol.

Axes

Les contributions peuvent porter sur les thèmes suivants, parmi d’autres :

• La légalité, ou non, de la mise en esclavage et de l’esclavage dans les sociétés
  africaines.
• Les débats autour de la mise en esclavage des peuples autochtones d’Amérique.
• L’impact de la race sur les pratiques de la mise en esclavage illégale.
• Genre et mise illégale en esclavage.
• Enfants et mise illégale en esclavage.
• Affranchissement conditionnel et remise en esclavage.
• Traite transatlantique et contrebande.
• Circonstances de la mise illégale en esclavage ou de la remise en esclavage,
  et profil des victimes et des auteurs.
• Résistance à mise illégale en esclavage.
• Réponses institutionnelles face à mise illégale en esclavage.
• Formes de légalisation de la mise illégale en esclavage.
• Héritages de la mise illégale en esclavage et demandes de réparations.

Modalités de soumission

Les propositions d’articles (entre 500 et 800 mots) sont à envoyer pour le 1^er juin 2026 à ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr.

L’avis sera rendu le 1er juillet 2026.

Les papiers acceptés (45 000 signes maximum, espaces comprises, bibliographie incluse) devront être soumis en français, en anglais, en espagnol ou en portugais, avant le 1er novembre 2026 impérativement. Ils seront accompagnés d’une synthèse de 3 600 signes maximum espaces comprises. La liste complète des recommandations aux auteur·trices est disponible ici.

Calendrier

• Date limite pour l’envoi des résumés : 1er juin 2026
• Date limite de soumission des articles : 1er novembre 2026
• Validation de la version définitive des articles : 1er juillet 2027
• Parution du numéro : novembre 2027

Politique d'évaluation

Procédure d'évaluation : évaluation en double aveugle

Délai moyen entre soumission et publication : 40 semaines

Références sélectives

Ball Erica, Seijas Tatiana & Terri Snyder (dir.), 2020. As If She Were Free. A Collective Biography of Women and Emancipation in the Americas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Barragan Yesenia, 2021. Freedom’s Captives. Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Blumenthal Debra, 2009. Enemies and Familiars. Slavery and Mastery in Fifteenth-Century Valencia, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.

Candido Mariana, 2011. « African Freedom Suits and Portuguese Vassal Status: Legal Mechanisms for Fighting Enslavement in Benguela, Angola, 1800-1830 », Slavery and Abolition, n° 32/3, p. 447-459.

Candioti Magdalena, 2021. Una historia de la emancipacion negra. Esclavitud y abolicion en la Argentina, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno Editores.

Chalhoub Sidney, 2011. « The Precariousness of Freedom in a Slave Society (Brazil in the Nineteenth Century) », International Review of Social History, n° 56/3, p. 405-439.

Chambouleyron Rafael, 2016. « Freedom and Indian Slavery in the Portuguese Amazon (1640-1755) », dans John Donoghue & Evelyn P. Jennings (dir.), Building the Atlantic Empires. Unfree Labor and Imperial States in the Political Economy of Capitalism, ca. 1500-1914, Leyde, Brill, p. 54-71.

Curto José, 2008. « Struggling Against Enslavement: The Case of José Manuel in Benguela, 1816-20 », Canadian Journal of African Studies, n° 39/1, p. 96-122.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2020. « Shared Atlantic Legal Culture: The Case of a Freedom Suit in Benguela », Atlantic Studies: Global Currents, n° 17/3, p. 419-440.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2021. Esclavos y tierras entre posesión y títulos. La construcción social del derecho de propiedad en Brasil (siglo XIX), Francfort, Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory, coll. « Global Perspectives on Legal History ».

Grinberg Keila, 2016. « The Two Enslavements of Rufina: Slavery and International Relations on the Southern Border of Nineteenth-Century Brazil », Hispanic American Historical Review, n° 96/2, p. 259-290.

DOI : 10.1215/00182168-3484173

Ireton Chloe, 2025. Slavery and Freedom in Black Thought in the Early Spanish Atlantic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Kopytoff Igor & Suzanne Miers (dir.), 1977. Slavery in Africa. Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.

Lara Silvia H., 2010. « O espírito das leis: tradições legais sobre a escravidão e a liberdade no Brasil escravista », Africana Studia, Porto, n° 14, p. 73-92.

McDaniel Caleb, 2019. Sweet Taste of Liberty. A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, New York, Oxford University Press.

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Keila Grinberg, 2017. « Le crime de réduction à l’esclavage d’une personne libre (Brésil, xix^e siècle) », Brésil(s), n° 11. Disponible en ligne : https://journals.openedition.org/bresils/2138#quotation [dernier accès, décembre 2025].

DOI: 10.4000/bresils.2138

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Antonia M. N. Pedroza (dir.), 2023. Escravização ilegal no Brasil, São Leopoldo, Casa Leiria.

DOI : 10.29327/5398682

Lawrance Benjamin & Richard Roberts (dir.), 2012. Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake. Law and the Experience of Women and Children in Africa, Athens, Ohio University Press.

Nafafé José Lingna 2023. Lourenço da Silva Mendonça and the Black Atlantic Abolitionist Movement in the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Peabody Sue & Keila Grinberg (dir.), 2015. Free Soil in the Atlantic World, Londres, Routledge.

DOI : 10.4324/9781315743301

Rossi Benedetta, 2017. « Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage : le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930 », Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, n° 4, p. 983-1021.

Scott Rebecca, 2011. « Paper Thin: Freedom and Re-enslavement in the Diaspora of the Haitian Revolution. Law and History Review », n° 29/4, p. 1061-1087.

DOI : 10.1017/S0738248011000538

Scott Rebecca J. & Jean Hébrard, 2012. Freedom Papers. An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

DOI : 10.4159/harvard.9780674065161/html

Scientific editors

• Beatriz Mamigonian, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
• Mariana Dias Paes, The American University of Paris

Theme of this Issue

Slavery was a legal institution in various jurisdictions of the Atlantic world until the turn of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, even during periods when the legality of the institution of slavery was widely acknowledged, certain practices of enslavement were considered illegal. These varied greatly and depended on religious, political, and economic conditions. In the Christian world, the enslavement of those considered infidels or heathen was accepted, and wars against them were justified. The legality of the enslavement of Native Americans was subject to debate since the first decades of European occupation of the Americas, and remained contested until the nineteenth century. The enslavement of Africans did not go without questioning, either. More recently, historians have raised the question whether slavery was actually a legal institution in the African regions where men and women were forcibly embarked for the Americas. Kidnappings and treachery were employed in African jurisdictions and in regions subjected to colonial rule, with the direct participation or complicity of colonial officials and European traffickers, to feed the transatlantic trade.

In the nineteenth century, with initiatives to abolish the transatlantic slave trade, rising abolitionism, and the emergence of gradual emancipation policies, slave traffickers and slave owners sought to guarantee their access to enslaved property through renewed mechanisms of illegal enslavement and contraband. Free persons of color were at risk of enslavement, while freed persons were occasionally reenslaved. In the context of rising independent nation-states and the transformations in record keeping, slave owners often took advantage of bureaucratic procedures to legalize slave property illegally acquired, despite growing public scrutiny.

While it is acknowledged that colonial empires were built on the exploitation of enslaved workers, a new focus is needed on the extent of illegality within these systems. The massive contraband to Cuba and Brazil in the nineteenth century, and consequent illegal enslavement of over a million African men, women, and children, with the support of local governments, generated wealth that irrigated the banking system, reinforced the power of landowning elites, and naturalized criminal acts against workers that have consequences in the present.

This special issue will explore various aspects of illegal enslavement and reenslavement in the Atlantic world, from the fifteenth century to the present, and welcomes contributions in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish.

Themes

Contributions may focus on the following themes, among others:

• The legality of enslavement and slavery in African societies.
• The debates over Native American enslavement.
• The impact of race in illegal enslavement practices.
• Gender and illegal enslavement.
• Children and illegal enslavement.
• Conditional manumission and reenslavement.
• The transatlantic slave trade and contraband.
• Circumstances of illegal enslavement, or reenslavement, and the profile
  of the victims and perpetrators.
• Resistance to illegal enslavement.
• Institutional responses to illegal enslavement.
• Forms of legalizing illegal enslavement.
• The legacies of illegal enslavement and demands for reparations.

Submission Procedures

Proposal of articles (between 500 and 800 words) must be sent by June 1, 2026, to ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr.

Decisions on manuscripts will be announced on July 1, 2026.

Accepted papers (45,000 characters maximum, spaces included, bibliography included) must be submitted in French, English, Spanish, or Portuguese before November 1, 2026. They must be accompanied by an abstract or résumé of no more than 3,600 signs. The complete list of recommendations to authors is available here.

Final versions must be ready by July 1, 2027.

Deadlines

• Deadline for the submission of the summaries: June 1, 2026
• Deadline for the submission of the articles: November 1, 2026
• Deadline for final version of the articles: July 1, 2027
• Issue Publication: November 2027

Selected References

Ball Erica, Seijas Tatiana & Terri Snyder (eds.), 2020. As If She Were Free. A Collective Biography of Women and Emancipation in the Americas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Barragan Yesenia, 2021. Freedom’s Captives. Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Blumenthal Debra, 2009. Enemies and Familiars. Slavery and Mastery in Fifteenth-Century Valencia, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.

Candido Mariana, 2011. “African Freedom Suits and Portuguese Vassal Status: Legal Mechanisms for Fighting Enslavement in Benguela, Angola, 1800-1830,” Slavery and Abolition, no. 32/3, pp. 447–459.

Candioti Magdalena, 2021. Una historia de la emancipacion negra. Esclavitud y abolicion en la Argentina, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno Editores.

Chalhoub Sidney, 2011. “The Precariousness of Freedom in a Slave Society (Brazil in the Nineteenth Century),” International Review of Social History, no. 56/3, pp. 405–439.

Chambouleyron Rafael, 2016. “Freedom and Indian Slavery in the Portuguese Amazon (1640-1755),” in John Donoghue & Evelyn P. Jennings (eds.), Building the Atlantic Empires. Unfree Labor and Imperial States in the Political Economy of Capitalism, ca. 1500-1914, Leiden, Brill, pp. 54–71.

Curto José, 2008. “Struggling Against Enslavement: The Case of José Manuel in Benguela, 1816-20,” Canadian Journal of African Studies, no. 39/1, pp. 96–122.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2020. “Shared Atlantic Legal Culture: The Case of a Freedom Suit in Benguela,” Atlantic Studies: Global Currents, no. 17/3, pp. 419–440.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2021. Esclavos y tierras entre posesión y títulos. La construcción social del derecho de propiedad en Brasil (siglo XIX), Frankfurt, Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory, “Global Perspectives on Legal History” serie.

Grinberg Keila, 2016. “The Two Enslavements of Rufina: Slavery and International Relations on the Southern Border of Nineteenth-Century Brazil,” Hispanic American Historical Review, no. 96/2, pp. 259–290.

DOI : 10.1215/00182168-3484173

Ireton Chloe, 2025. Slavery and Freedom in Black Thought in the Early Spanish Atlantic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Kopytoff Igor & Suzanne Miers (eds.), 1977. Slavery in Africa. Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.

Lara Silvia H., 2010. “O espírito das leis: tradições legais sobre a escravidão e a liberdade no Brasil escravista,” Africana Studia, Porto, no. 14, pp. 73–92.

McDaniel Caleb, 2019. Sweet Taste of Liberty. A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, New York, Oxford University Press.

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Keila Grinberg, 2017. “Le crime de réduction à l’esclavage d’une personne libre (Brésil, xix^e siècle),” Brésil(s), no. 11. Available online: https://journals.openedition.org/bresils/2138#quotation [last accessed, December 2025].

DOI: 10.4000/bresils.2138

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Antonia M. N. Pedroza (eds.), 2023. Escravização ilegal no Brasil, São Leopoldo, Casa Leiria.

DOI : 10.29327/5398682

Lawrance Benjamin & Richard Roberts (eds.), 2012. Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake. Law and the Experience of Women and Children in Africa, Athens, Ohio University Press.

Nafafé José Lingna 2023. Lourenço da Silva Mendonça and the Black Atlantic Abolitionist Movement in the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Peabody Sue & Keila Grinberg (eds.), 2015. Free Soil in the Atlantic World, London, Routledge.

DOI : 10.4324/9781315743301

Rossi Benedetta, 2017. “Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage : le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930,” Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, no. 4, pp. 983–1021.

Scott Rebecca, 2011. “Paper Thin: Freedom and Re-enslavement in the Diaspora of the Haitian Revolution. Law and History Review,” no. 29/4, pp. 1061–1087.

DOI : 10.1017/S0738248011000538

Scott Rebecca J. & Jean Hébrard, 2012. Freedom Papers. An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

DOI : 10.4159/harvard.9780674065161/html

Organizadoras

• Beatriz Mamigonian, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
• Mariana Dias Paes, The American University of Paris

Tema do dossiê

A escravidão foi uma instituição legalmente sancionada em várias jurisdições do mundo atlântico até a virada do século XX. Ainda assim, mesmo em períodos em que a instituição era amplamente aceita, algumas práticas de escravização eram consideradas ilegais. Estas variaram muito, dependendo de religião ou condições políticas e econômicas. No mundo cristão, a escravização dos infiéis e pagãos era aceita e as guerras contra eles consideradas justas. A legalidade da escravização dos indígenas foi tema de debate desde as primeiras décadas da ocupação europeia das Américas e continuou contestada até o século XIX. A escravização de africanos não deixou de ser questionada também. Recentemente, historiadores passaram a questionar se a escravidão era de fato sancionada nas regiões de onde os homens e mulheres eram capturados para o tráfico transatlântico. Sequestros e sedução eram praticados nas jurisdições africanas e em regiões sob domínio colonial, com a participação direta ou a conivência dos funcionários coloniais e traficantes europeus, com vistas a alimentar o tráfico transatlântico. 

No século XIX, com as iniciativas para abolir o tráfico transatlântico, a crescente campanha abolicionista e a emergência das políticas de emancipação gradual, traficantes e senhores buscaram garantir acesso à propriedade em pessoas escravizadas por meio de mecanismos de escravização ilegal e contrabando. Pessoas livres de cor corriam risco de reescravização, enquanto pessoas libertas foram ocasionalmente reescravizadas. No contexto da emergência dos estados-nação independentes e da transformação na coleta e guarda de registros, senhores de pessoas escravizadas se aproveitaram de mecanismos burocráticos para legalizar a propriedade de pessoas adquiridas fraudulentamente, a despeito do maior escrutínio público. 

Enquanto costumamos reconhecer que os impérios coloniais foram construídos por meio da exploração de trabalhadores escravizados, é necessário tratar da extensão da ilegalidade no seio desses sistemas. O volumoso contrabando para Cuba e para o Brasil no século XIX, e a escravização ilegal decorrente dele, de mais de um milhão de homens, mulheres e crianças africanos, praticada com o apoio dos governos locais, gerou renda que irrigou o sistema bancário, reforçou o poder das elites agrárias e naturalizou ações criminosas contra trabalhadores, com consequências até o presente.

Este dossiê tratará de vários aspectos da escravização ilegal e da reescravização no mundo atlântico, do século XV ao presente e pode receber contribuições em inglês, francês, português ou espanhol.

Temas

• As contribuições podem abordar os seguintes temas, entre outros:
• A legalidade da escravização e da escravidão nas sociedades africanas.
• Os debates acerca da escravização de indígenas nas Américas.
• O impacto da raça nas práticas de escravização ilegal.
• Gênero e escravização ilegal.
• A escravização ilegal de crianças.
• Alforria condicional e a reescravização.
• O tráfico transatlântico de pessoas escravizadas e o contrabando.
• As circunstâncias da escravização ilegal ou da reescravização e o perfil das vítimas
  e perpetradores.
• A resistência à escravização ilegal.
• As respostas institucionais à escravização ilegal.
• As formas de legalizar a escravização ilegal.
• Os legados da escravização ilegal e as demandas por reparações.

Modalidades de submissão

As propostas de artigos (entre 500 e 800 palavras) devem ser enviadas até dia 1o de junho de 2026 para ciresc.redaction@cnrs.fr.

O parecer será emitido no 1o de julho de 2026.

Os artigos aceitos (45 000 caracteres no máximo, incluindo os espaços, bibliografia incluída) devem ser submetidos em francês, inglês, espanhol ou português, imperativamente antes de 1o de novembro de 2026. Têm de ser acompanhados por um resumo de 3600 caracteres no máximo, espaços incluídos. A lista completa das recomendações aos/às autores/as encontra-se disponível aqui.

• As versões definitivas deverão estar prontas para o 1o de julho de 2027.
• Prazo para a apresentação de resumos : 1o de junho de 2026
• Data limite para a entrega dos artigos : 1o de novembro de 2026
• Validação da versão final dos artigos : 1o de julho de 2027
• Publicação do número : novembro de 2027

Referências

Ball Erica, Seijas Tatiana & Terri Snyder (orgs.), 2020. As If She Were Free. A Collective Biography of Women and Emancipation in the Americas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Barragan Yesenia, 2021. Freedom’s Captives. Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Blumenthal Debra, 2009. Enemies and Familiars. Slavery and Mastery in Fifteenth-Century Valencia, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.

Candido Mariana, 2011. « African Freedom Suits and Portuguese Vassal Status: Legal Mechanisms for Fighting Enslavement in Benguela, Angola, 1800-1830 », Slavery and Abolition, n° 32/3, p. 447-459.

Candioti Magdalena, 2021. Una historia de la emancipacion negra. Esclavitud y abolicion en la Argentina, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno Editores.

Chalhoub Sidney, 2011. « The Precariousness of Freedom in a Slave Society (Brazil in the Nineteenth Century) », International Review of Social History, n° 56/3, p. 405-439.

Chambouleyron Rafael, 2016. « Freedom and Indian Slavery in the Portuguese Amazon (1640-1755) », in John Donoghue & Evelyn P. Jennings (orgs.), Building the Atlantic Empires. Unfree Labor and Imperial States in the Political Economy of Capitalism, ca. 1500-1914, Leida, Brill, p. 54-71.

Curto José, 2008. « Struggling Against Enslavement: The Case of José Manuel in Benguela, 1816-20 », Canadian Journal of African Studies, n° 39/1, p. 96-122.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2020. « Shared Atlantic Legal Culture: The Case of a Freedom Suit in Benguela », Atlantic Studies: Global Currents, n° 17/3, p. 419-440.

Dias Paes Mariana, 2021. Esclavos y tierras entre posesión y títulos. La construcción social del derecho de propiedad en Brasil (siglo XIX), Francoforte, Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory, col. « Global Perspectives on Legal History ».

Grinberg Keila, 2016. « The Two Enslavements of Rufina: Slavery and International Relations on the Southern Border of Nineteenth-Century Brazil », Hispanic American Historical Review, n° 96/2, p. 259-290.

DOI : 10.1215/00182168-3484173

Ireton Chloe, 2025. Slavery and Freedom in Black Thought in the Early Spanish Atlantic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Kopytoff Igor & Suzanne Miers (orgs.), 1977. Slavery in Africa. Historical and Anthropological Perspectives, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.

Lara Silvia H., 2010. « O espírito das leis: tradições legais sobre a escravidão e a liberdade no Brasil escravista », Africana Studia, Porto, n° 14, p. 73-92.

McDaniel Caleb, 2019. Sweet Taste of Liberty. A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America, Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Keila Grinberg, 2017. « Le crime de réduction à l’esclavage d’une personne libre (Brésil, xix^e siècle) », Brésil(s), n° 11. Disponível em: https://journals.openedition.org/bresils/2138#quotation [último acesso, dezembro 2025].

DOI: 10.4000/bresils.2138

Mamigonian Beatriz G. & Antonia M. N. Pedroza (orgs.), 2023. Escravização ilegal no Brasil, São Leopoldo, Casa Leiria.

DOI : 10.29327/5398682

Lawrance Benjamin & Richard Roberts (orgs.), 2012. Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake. Law and the Experience of Women and Children in Africa, Athens, Ohio University Press.

Nafafé José Lingna 2023. Lourenço da Silva Mendonça and the Black Atlantic Abolitionist Movement in the Seventeenth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Peabody Sue & Keila Grinberg (orgs.), 2015. Free Soil in the Atlantic World, Londres, Routledge.

DOI : 10.4324/9781315743301

Rossi Benedetta, 2017. « Périodiser la fin de l’esclavage : le droit colonial, la Société des Nations et la résistance des esclaves dans le Sahel nigérien, 1920-1930 », Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, n° 4, p. 983-1021.

Scott Rebecca, 2011. « Paper Thin: Freedom and Re-enslavement in the Diaspora of the Haitian Revolution. Law and History Review », n° 29/4, p. 1061-1087.

DOI : 10.1017/S0738248011000538

Scott Rebecca J. & Jean Hébrard, 2012. Freedom Papers. An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

DOI : 10.4159/harvard.9780674065161/html