“In medias res”. Intermediaries of Domination (Northern France, the British Isles, 9th–13th centuries)
« In medias res ». Les intermédiaires de la domination (France du Nord, îles Britanniques, IXe-XIIIe siècle)
Published on Monday, March 16, 2026
Abstract
Following a first conference held at Cerisy in 2024 on social domination in Normandy (11th–15th centuries), this new conference aims to analyse how human intermediaries contribute to maintaining various forms of domination – whether seigniorial, princely, ecclesiastical, or urban. Situated between dependence and delegated authority, they play a central role in the concrete exercise of power, but also in the production and legitimation of social order. Through their actions and behaviours, these intermediaries shape or impose this state of affairs and help populations to agree to this domination.
Announcement
Argument
In its most common sense, the term intermediary refers to anyone who stands between different individuals or groups. In a more restricted sense, however, specifically within the study of relations of domination, the term can refer to all those who act as relays of such domination, whether temporarily or permanently (officers, agents, delegates, representatives, legates, emissaries, arbitrators, commissioners, envoys, etc.). Following a first conference held at Cerisy in 2024 on social domination in Normandy (11th–15th centuries), this new conference aims to analyse how these human intermediaries contribute to maintaining various forms of domination – whether seigniorial, princely, ecclesiastical, or urban. Situated between dependence and delegated authority, they play a central role in the concrete exercise of power, but also in the production and legitimation of social order. Through their actions and behaviours, these intermediaries shape or impose this state of affairs and help populations to agree to this domination.
The concept of domination should not be understood here simply as a synonym for power or government. In the writings of Max Weber, domination combines two aspects. On the one hand, it manifests itself through “the possibility of compelling others to adjust their behaviour according to one’s own will.” On the other hand, it relies on “a form of docility” through which the dominated adhere to the imposed social order. In this sense, domination is also an intellectual construction that tends to become naturalised and self-evident, to the point where it no longer requires justification to exist.
Domination should therefore be considered as something other than a mere sum of binary relationships (lord/dependent, cleric/layperson, prince/subjects), fixed relationships (one form of domination replacing another or being challenged), or compartmentalised ones (economic, social, political, cultural, etc.). Rather, domination is characterised by its cumulative effects at different levels of society: a dominant individual may also be dominated, and several forms of domination may be exercised over a single individual or group. Intermediaries lie at the heart of these mechanisms: while they themselves are embedded in relations of domination, they contribute to imposing social order and to shaping the consent of the dominated.
Analysing the relays of domination, therefore, requires distinguishing between intermediation and mediation, two notions that refer to different conceptions. The approach based on intermediation views relays as actors positioned between rulers and the ruled, responsible for transmitting decisions or norms originating from a centre in a relatively neutral role. By contrast, the mediation approach emphasises that power exists only through the operations that make it effective: relays interpret, translate, and adjust rules to particular situations, thereby participating in the production of domination (Barraut-Stella and Michon, 2024). Domination thus appears as a mediated process, embedded in practices and dispositifs, which echoes Michel Foucault’s perspective that domination is exercised through a multiplicity of micro-practices rather than from a sovereign centre (Foucault, 1975). In this perspective, actor-network theory proposes distinguishing the intermediary – supposed to transmit an action or piece of information without transforming it – from the mediator, who instead introduces operations of translation and displacement (Akrich, Callon, Latour, 2006). This distinction has nevertheless been qualified: empirically, every act of transmission involves adjustments and interpretations, so that actors presumed to function as intermediaries most often act also as mediators.
It therefore appears that the terms intermediary and mediator are not mutually exclusive but belong to different analytical registers. Intermediary may be used descriptively to designate a position located “between” social poles, whereas mediator is more useful for analysing the concrete effects of domination, emphasising the active and transformative character of these relays. The choice between these terms thus depends on the nature and richness of the available sources: when evidence is limited, analysis often confines itself to identifying positions and circulations, which fall under intermediation; when sources allow the operations of translation and transformation of power to be grasped, the notion of mediation becomes more relevant. In practice, researchers may alternate between these notions depending on the scope of their observations, while keeping in mind that the neutrality of intermediaries is rarely empirical and that the distinction between intermediation and mediation remains debated in the social sciences (Barraut-Stella & Michon, 2024).
These theoretical analyses make it possible to understand intermediaries as “linking agents” who, according to their intentions and their own agency, concretely translate and transmit domination (Raj, 2016; Meyzie, 2025). This connection is realised through various actions, which stem both from the actors’ intentions – the intermediary may find a personal advantage in exercising this role of connecting – and from their position within relations of domination. Thus, a great aristocrat does not maintain the same relationship to authority as rural elites. This diversity of situations results in a wide variety of statuses and leads us to question the conditions that enable certain individuals to access this function.
In this regard, sociologists mobilise the notion of “social and political configurations” to account for the mechanisms of intermediation. An individual’s relational network, local anchorage, family proximity to rulers, or integration into institutions of power constitute factors – among others – that, combined in different ways, form differentiated configurations. The papers will therefore aim to highlight these configurations and analyse their effects. In this perspective, methods of network analysis and visualisation may provide particularly fruitful heuristic tools, making it possible to map relationships and identify positions of intermediation.
Building on these reflections about the mechanisms of intermediation and the diversity of the social and political configurations that make it possible, research on intermediaries of power in the medieval period has been significantly renewed by the development of prosopographical approaches, particularly for the later Middle Ages. These approaches have refined our knowledge of the actors involved in the exercise of power by offering a more precise view not only of princely entourages but also of all the agents participating, to varying degrees, in processes of government beyond the princely framework. They have highlighted social groups particularly invested in these dynamics, such as clerics – major actors in the construction of the medieval and later modern state – officers, and urban elites.
For the period between the end of the Carolingian era and the reign of Louis IX, however, these works often focus on specific objects and approaches, such as the seminal studies by Philippe Depreux on the entourage of Louis the Pious or Éric Bournazel on the familia regis. Nevertheless, recent historiography has strongly emphasised the central role not only of princely entourages but also of other agents of power – first and foremost officers – in the actions of medieval rulers, as demonstrated by the regular publications devoted to them (Feller, 2004; Lemesle, 2011). These are individuals who, even if they are not the subject of autonomous prosopographical corpora, can easily be identified and exploited through broader databases (Thesaurus Personnes, PASE, E-personæ) or through existing prosopographical works, such as Pierre-Anne Forcadet’s prosopography of the first judges of the kings of France in the thirteenth century; Léopold Delisle’s prosopography of the bailiffs and seneschals of the kings of France up to the early fourteenth century; Véronique Gazeau’s work on Benedictine abbots in Normandy between the tenth and thirteenth centuries; Katharine Keats-Rohan’s studies on individuals mentioned in the Domesday Book; and the volumes of the Fasti Ecclesiæ Gallicanæ. These compilations now bring together data on a large number of individuals and thus provide substantial documentation on intermediaries between the ninth and thirteenth centuries.
As part of this historiographical renewal, the study of intermediaries of power has attracted particular interest for certain social groups in both French- and English-language historiography. To give just one example, English reeves and sheriffs have drawn the attention of historians, partly because of the very poor reputation attributed to them in medieval sources. Recent research has nevertheless refined the analysis of their profiles, highlighting the diversity of their social trajectories and the mechanisms of their accountability (Sabapathy, 2014). On the continent, comparable studies have examined viscounts or royal vassals, which have also attracted sustained interest (Nieus, 2008; Pezé, 2025). More recently, numerous works have shed light on the role of certain ecclesiastical intermediaries, such as priests, rural deans (Beaulande-Barraud & Combalbert, 2024; Hickin et al., 2025), or abbots (Paquet, 2018). Research on specialists of writing and scribal practices has also clarified the production of documents essential to the exercise of domination, such as enquiries (inquisitiones) (Dejoux, 2014). Moreover, the place of women in processes of mediation has been highlighted, as well as the links they forged between kin groups through marriage strategies. Women could also acquire a more central role, inheriting estates or even acting as sheriffs in thirteenth-century England (Wilkinson, 2004). Finally, recent research has renewed the study of domination in the medieval urban space by highlighting the plurality of actors, practices, and dispositifs through which it was exercised, negotiated, and materialised within the city (Bove, 2004).
The area addressed by the conference – covering the northern part of the kingdom of France, from Brittany to Flanders via Normandy and the Capetian domain, as well as the British Isles (Great Britain and Ireland) – certainly did not constitute a single political entity. Nevertheless, numerous connections existed there between the ninth and thirteenth centuries: the Channel facilitated the circulation of men and women, goods, and ideas between territories that were often allied, sometimes in conflict. The conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 further strengthened this interconnection between the two shores. Studies on Flanders (Oksanen, 2012) or Brittany (Morin, 2010) likewise emphasise the multiplicity of these links, which united these spaces more than they separated them. In this context, contributions may adopt a comparative perspective and draw on varied corpora and methodological approaches, while ensuring that their analyses are anchored in a reflection on the specificities of the notion of domination.
Themes
Intellectuals in the Service of Domination
This axis invites participants to examine the role of intellectuals in the production, legitimation, and diffusion of forms of domination in the Middle Ages. Clerics, jurists, notaries, and chroniclers all contributed to the development of discourses, bodies of knowledge, and norms that helped structure the social and political order. Through their writings, advice, and participation in institutions, they formulated and justified the principles of authority while translating them into legal, administrative, or symbolic frameworks. In this sense, they may be considered intermediaries of domination, positioned at the interface between those who hold authority and the groups over whom it is exercised. Studying these actors thus makes it possible to analyse how knowledge contributed to the construction and establishment of relations of domination, while also questioning the margins of autonomy available to these intellectuals, caught between service to the prince, social strategies, and intellectual production.
Portraits of Intermediaries
The conference will address the conditions that make an individual an intermediary of domination, as well as their trajectories, profiles, and networks. The aim will be to identify the factors that enable certain actors to access such a position: local anchorage, connections with ecclesiastical institutions, proximity to the prince, or specialised expertise, particularly in the field of writing. It will also be important to examine the consequences of this function for the intermediaries themselves: strategies of social distinction, career trajectories, and the driving forces behind their advancement. Contributions may draw on biographical, micro-historical, or prosopographical approaches in order to capture these actors in all their complexity and diversity.
Dominating through the “Middle”
Domination unfolds through strategies combining cooperation, accommodation, competition, coercion, and violence, as demonstrated by Dominique Barthélemy and Joseph Morsel for the eleventh to fifteenth centuries. Intermediaries play a central role in these dynamics by translating and implementing the power of the dominant groups. Papers may examine complex hierarchies – from the prince to the parish leader – and explore the relationships between dominants, intermediaries, and the dominated, as well as the coherence and interests of dominant groups. Rather than focusing on a binary opposition between dominants and dominated, the aim will be to explore the many nuances of relations of domination, including the extent to which the dominated may exert pressure on these intermediaries.
Intermediaries and Cross-Channel Networks
This axis will explore the role of these actors in the domination of strategic locations, particularly harbours and crossing points at the heart of exchanges between the different regions covered by the conference. Crossing the Channel or trading between Flanders and England involved many actors: pilots, officials responsible for collecting taxes, and local commercial partners are recurring figures whose roles must be understood in light of the importance of the sea as a link between multiple territories. Recent research – particularly in Viking studies – on the concepts of hydrachy and merritory may enrich this reflection by raising questions about the mobility and authority exercised by these cross-Channel intermediaries.
Submission Guidelines
The conference will take place at the Amiens campus of the Université de Picardie Jules Verne, in the Logis du Roy, on 3–4 December 2026.
Papers will last 40 minutes and should preferably be delivered in French or English. Presentations in other languages (German, Italian) are accepted, provided that the speaker supplies a written handout or a slideshow in French or English. We also encourage papers delivered in French to provide English slides in order to make their content accessible to non-French-speaking audiences.
Proposals must be submitted no later than 1 June 2026.
Authors whose proposals are accepted will be notified in July 2026.
Participants are encouraged to base their contributions on specific case studies or dossiers in order to offer a concrete and contextualised reflection on the notions of domination and intermediaries. A publication with Presses du Septentrion is planned.
Each proposal must include:
- a clear title;
- an abstract of 1,500 to 3,000 characters including spaces (approximately 250–300 words);
- a brief presentation of the author and their research.
Proposals should be sent to the following addresses:
- hugo.fresnel@u-picardie.fr
- bastien.michel@univ-lehavre.fr
Early-career researchers are strongly encouraged to submit proposals. Specific funding support for doctoral students and unaffiliated early-career researchers may be provided by the organisers.
Organizers
- Hugo Fresnel, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, TrAme (UR 4284)
- Bastien Michel, Université Le Havre Normandie, IDEES (UMR 6266)
Advisory committee
- Antoine Destemberg, Université d’Artois, CREHS (UR 4027)
- Alban Gautier, Université de Caen Normandie, Centre Michel de Boüard – CRAHAM (UMR 6273)
- Mark Hagger, Bangor University, School of History, Law and Social Sciences
- Jean-François Nieus, Université de Namur, Research Centre “Pratiques médiévales de l’écrit”
- Anne Tallon, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, TrAme (UR 4284)
Indicative bibliography :
Akrich Madeleine, Michel Callon et Bruno Latour (éd.), Sociologie de la traduction, Paris, Presses des Mines (Sciences sociales), 2006.
Barraut-Stella Lorenzo et Sébastien Michon (éd.), Intermédiations politiques. Les reconfigurations des modes d’exercice de la domination politique, Bruxelles/Berlin, Peter Lang Verlag, 2024.
Beauchamps Alexandra, Les entourages princiers à la fin du Moyen Âge. Une approche quantitative, Madrid, Casa de Velazquez, 2013.
Beaulande-Barraud Véronique et Grégory Combalbert (éd.), Doyens de chrétienté et archiprêtres des temps carolingiens à l’époque moderne. Les « moyens » de la juridiction ecclésiastique, Turnhout, Brepols, 2024.
Bournazel Éric, Le gouvernement capétien au XIIe siècle. 1108-1180 structures sociales et mutations institutionnelles, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, coll. « Publications de la Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques de Limoges », no 2, 1975.
Bove Boris, Dominer la ville. Prévôts des marchands et échevins parisiens de 1260 à 1350, Paris, Éditions du CTHS, 2004.
Contamine Philippe, « Le Moyen Âge occidental a-t-il connu des ‘‘serviteurs de l’État’’ ? », dans Les serviteurs de l’État au Moyen Âge, Paris, Éditions de la Sorbonne, 1998, p. 9-20.
Delisle Léopold, « Liste chronologique des baillis et sénéchaux », dans L. Delisle (éd.), Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. 24, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1904, p. 15-385.
Depreux Philippe, Prosopographie de l’entourage de Louis le Pieux (781-840), Sigmaringen, J. Thorbecke, 1997.
Evergates Theodore, The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300, Philadelphie, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.
Feller Laurent (éd.), Contrôler les agents du pouvoir, Limoges, Pulim, 2004.
Forcadet Pierre-Anne, « Les premiers juges de la Cour du roi au XIIIe », Revue historique de droit français et étranger, n° 2, 2016, p. 189-273.
Foucault Michel, Surveiller et punir. Naissance de la prison, Paris, Gallimard, 1975.
Gazeau Véronique, Normannia monastica, Caen, Centre de Recherches Archéologiques et Historiques Anciennes et Médiévales, 2007, 2 vol.
Green Judith A., English sheriffs to 1154, Londres, H.M.S.O., coll. « Public Record Office handbooks », no 24, 1990.
Green Judith A., The Government of England under Henry I, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Keats-Rohan Katharine S. B., Domesday People. A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents (1066-1166): I, Domesday Book, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 1999.
Hagger Mark S., « Le gouvernement in absentia. La Normandie sous Henri Beauclerc, 1106-1135 », dans Pierre Bauduin et David Bates (éd.), 911-2011. Penser les mondes normands médiévaux actes du colloque international de Caen et Cerisy (29 septembre-2 octobre 2011), Caen, Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2016, p. 429-442.
Hicklin Alice, Steffen Patzold, Bastiaan Waagmeester et Charles West (éd.), Local Priests in the Latin West, 900-1050, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2025.
Jolibert Bernard, « Aux fondements anthropologiques de l’idée de médiation », dans Gilles Ferréol (éd.), Médiations et régulations, Louvain-la-Neuve, EME, 2016, p. 15-32.
Lachaud Frédérique, L’éthique du pouvoir au Moyen Âge. L’office dans la culture politique Angleterre, vers 1150-vers 1330, Paris, Classiques Garnier, coll. « Bibliothèque d’histoire médiévale », no 3, 2010.
Lemesle Bruno, « Autorité, agents de l’autorité et pratiques du pouvoir au Moyen Âge », Bulletin du centre d’études médiévales d’Auxerre | BUCEMA, no 15, 2011, p. 223-224.
Macé Laurent, Les comtes de Toulouse et leur entourage, XIIe-XIIIe siècles. Rivalités, alliances et jeux de pouvoir, Toulouse, Éditions Privat, 2000.
Meyzie Vincent, Homo corporatus. Dynamiques corporatives, monde officier et État hybride au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2025.
Nieus Jean-François, « Vicomtes et vicomtés dans le nord de la France (XIe-XIIIe siècles). Un monde d’officiers au service du pouvoir princier », dans Hélène Débax (éd.), Vicomtes et vicomtés dans l’Occident médiéval, Toulouse, Presses universitaires du Midi, coll. « Tempus », 2008, p. 291-304.
Pezé Warren, « Les vassaux royaux en Francie occidentale et les transformations du monde carolingien (IXe-Xe siècle) », Le Moyen Âge, no 130, vol. 3, 2024, p. 849-904.
Raj Kapil, « Focus thématique. Intermédiation et intermédiaires (go-betweens) », dans Liliane Hilaire-Pérez, Fabien Simon et Marie Thébaud-Sorger (éd.), L’Europe des sciences et des techniques : un dialogue des savoirs, XVe-XVIIIe siècle, Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, coll. « Histoire », 2016, p. 213-217.
Sabapathy John, Officers and accountability in medieval England 1170-1300, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014.
Shields-Más Chelsea, The Reeve in Late Anglo-Saxon England, PhD Thesis, University of York, 2013.
Turner Ralph V., Men raised from the dust. Administrative service and upward mobility in Angevin England, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
Wilkinson Louise J., « Women as Sheriffs in Early Thirteenth Century England », dans Adrian L. Jobson (éd.), English Government in the Thirteenth Century, Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 2004, p. 111-124.
Subjects
- Europe (Main category)
Places
- Le Logis du Roy
Amiens, France (80)
Event attendance modalities
Full on-site event
Date(s)
- Monday, June 01, 2026
Attached files
Keywords
- domination, intermédiaire, Moyen Âge central, France, Îles Britanniques
Contact(s)
- Bastien Michel
courriel : bastien [dot] michel [at] univ-lehavre [dot] fr - Fresnel Hugo
courriel : hugo [dot] fresnel [at] u-picardie [dot] fr
Information source
- Fresnel Hugo
courriel : hugo [dot] fresnel [at] u-picardie [dot] fr
License
This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.
To cite this announcement
« “In medias res”. Intermediaries of Domination (Northern France, the British Isles, 9th–13th centuries) », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Monday, March 16, 2026, https://doi.org/10.58079/15vtd

