HomeShames of the 20th and 21st centuries: surviving, acting, remaining silent in the face of barbarity

Shames of the 20th and 21st centuries: surviving, acting, remaining silent in the face of barbarity

Hontes des XXᵉ et XXIᵉ siècles : survivre, agir, se taire face à la barbarie

Vergüenzas de los siglos XX y XXI: sobrevivir, actuar, callar frente a la barbarie

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Published on Monday, May 04, 2026

Abstract

This conference aims to analyze shame as a central affect of experiences of mass violence by examining its forms, functions, and effects on victims, survivors, perpetrators, accomplices, and third parties. The objective is to explore shame as a revealing factor of inhumanity, power asymmetry, and the boundaries of moral responsibility, while also examining its ambivalent role as a driver of lucidity and resistance, as an obstacle to action, as a vector of transgenerational transmission, or as a paralyzing affect. The conference also seeks to compare the uses, representations, and contemporary stakes of shame in different historical and cultural contexts in order to shed light on its ethical, political, memorial, and judicial implications in the aftermath of massacres.

Announcement

Universidad Jaume I (Castellón)  May 10–12, 2027

Argument

Shame has traditionally been analyzed in modern moral philosophy as an individual affect, arising from self-awareness under the gaze of others and linked to a circumscribed transgression. From Rousseau to Sartre, it is seen as a regulatory, often educational, feeling, rooted in personal responsibility and within the limited social space of fault.

However, the experience of mass violence in the 20th and 21st centuries—from Nazi concentration and extermination camps to the Cambodian genocide under the Khmer Rouge and the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda, as well as the Spanish Civil War and its subsequent dictatorship, or the military dictatorships in Argentina, Chile, and Peru— profoundly disrupts this conception. Added to these tragedies are the current acts of violence in Gaza, which once again call into question humanity’s capacity to confront its own crimes. Numerous survivors have testified to a paradoxical shame experienced without personal guilt: shame at having survived when others died, shame at belonging to the humanity that made such crimes possible, shame before the monstrous acts committed by human beings against their fellow humans. Analyzed by Primo Levi, Elie Wiesel, and Jean Améry, this form of shame exceeds individual moral guilt to become an ethical and anthropological wound, both intimate and collective.

At the same time, another figure—long marginalized in memory discourses—deserves renewed attention: the shame experienced by perpetrators, accomplices, as well as witnesses and third parties. This involves reflecting on the shame of those who took part in the crimes, those who remained silent or adapted, but also those who refused to participate without managing to resist politically, or those who spoke out afterward to condemn their own country. Autobiographies, diaries, correspondence, or belated narratives by Germans, Cambodians, Rwandans, Spaniards, or citizens of countries that lived under authoritarian or collaborationist regimes—whether Ayatollah Iran, junta-era Argentina, or Pinochet’s Chile—offer invaluable material for analyzing this shame intertwined with responsibility, frustrated dissent, collective guilt, and moral failure.

This conference aims to explore the plurality of experiences of shame in the face of barbarism from an interdisciplinary perspective (philosophy, literature, linguistics, history, memory studies, psychology, sociology, law, etc.).

Thematic Axes and Research Directions (indicative)

Proposals may be situated, among others, within the following axes:

1. Shame in the Face of Perpetrators’ Inhumanity: Between Submission and Lucidity

  • Shame as a revealer of power asymmetry (awareness of the absence of moral reciprocity).
  • Shame as a sensory and bodily experience (gazes, gestures, voices of perpetrators) and its influence on memory and testimony.
  • Shame as a tool of resistance or as an obstacle to rebellion and even to reconstruction.
  • Writing shame as release or trap (diaries, poems, memoirs as vectors of resistance or fixation of painful memory).
  • Shame as a collective experience (formation of memory communities: survivors’ associations, collectives of families of the disappeared) and as a platform for individual and collective reconstruction.
  • Involuntary transmission (shame linked to perpetrators’ acts as a vector of transgenerational transmission: family silences, psychic symptoms, memorial choices).

2.  Shame, Responsibility, and Ethics After the Catastrophe

  • Shame as an ethical affect “for the other.”
  • Political shame, anthropological shame, historical shame.
  • Distinction and permeability between legal guilt, moral responsibility, and shame.
  • Shame as a driver of renewed moral judgment, or conversely, as a paralyzing affect.

3.  Shame of Perpetrators, Accomplices, and Third Parties

  • Narratives and autobiographies of perpetrators or collaborators confronting their responsibility.
  • Shame at having obeyed, shame at not knowing how to disobey, shame of conformity.
  • Figures of “non-participation”: refusing to kill without managing to oppose the system.
  • Shame and moral dissent: those who spoke, wrote, or testified against their country or regime.
  • Memorial belatedness: delayed shame, inherited shame, transmitted shame.
  • The relationship between shame and remorse.
  • But also, the absence of shame: commanders or perpetrators who openly assume their most barbaric actions, convinced of the ideology that legitimizes them.

4.  Shame: Comparisons and Extensions

  • Comparisons with other contexts of mass violence (colonization, enslavement, genocides, dictatorships).
  • Representations of shame in literature, cinema, and the visual arts.
  • Contemporary political uses of collective shame and historical responsibility.
  • How the intervention of justice may—or may not—help survivors overcome shame and/or generate shame among perpetrators.

Submission Guidelines

Those interested in participating in the conference are invited to submit, by July 1, 2026, the title and an abstract of their paper (250 words), a short bibliographical note, and the thematic axis of their proposal, as well as the corpus or theoretical framework used.

Proposals should be sent to one of the addresses listed below, indicating in the subject line: “Colloquium Castellón.” The organizing committee will communicate its decision by email no later than July 31, 2026.

Papers may be presented in French, Spanish, or English and should not exceed 30 minutes. Any presentation requiring technical support (PowerPoint, projector, etc.) must be indicated in advance.

After evaluation, selected papers will be published online in the e-journal GenObs.

Scientific Committee

  • Antonio Cazorla Sánchez (Trent University, Canada)
  • Viviane Chatel (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) 
  • Muriel Paradelle (University of Ottawa, Canada)
  • Catalina Sagarra (Trent University, Canada)
  •  Vicent Sanz Rozalén (Universitat Jaume I, Spain)

Registration Fees

Faculty:   €  100

Students: € 70

Registration is open to anyone interested in the conference theme who wishes to present a paper.

Accommodation

Accommodation information will be provided after proposal acceptance

Conference Organizers

Viviane Chatel, Antonio Cazorla Sánchez, Muriel Paradelle, Catalina Sagarra Martín, Vicent Sanz Rozalén

Places

  • Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Arte
    Castellon, Kingdom of Spain (J9J4E3)

Event attendance modalities

Full on-site event


Date(s)

  • Wednesday, July 01, 2026

Keywords

  • honte, violence de masse, barbarie, éthique, responsabilité morale, culpabilité, survivant, bourreau, complice, témoin, tiers, asymétrie du pouvoir, inhumanité, mémoire, témoignage, transmission transgénérationnelle, honte collective

Contact(s)

  • Catalina Sagarra
    courriel : cataslinasagarra [at] trentu [dot] ca

Information source

  • Catalina Sagarra
    courriel : cataslinasagarra [at] trentu [dot] ca

License

CC0-1.0 This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.

To cite this announcement

« Shames of the 20th and 21st centuries: surviving, acting, remaining silent in the face of barbarity », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Monday, May 04, 2026, https://doi.org/10.58079/165z4

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