HomePrisoners' Artefacts, Status and Carceral Authority

Prisoners' Artefacts, Status and Carceral Authority

Artefacts, statuts et pouvoir en prison

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Published on Tuesday, May 12, 2026

Abstract

This international conference (Université Grenoble Alpes, June 2027) proposes a comparative analysis of artefacts worn by incarcerated people - patches, badges, armbands, uniforms - as material devices of classification and hierarchisation within prisons. Drawing on fieldwork from across all continents, it constitutes the first systematic comparative study of these objects, in order to analyse the diversity of institutional, legal, and material configurations in which they are embedded. The project brings together sociology, anthropology, political science, history, law, and geography, as well as perspectives from academic research and civil society.

Announcement

International and Interdisciplinary Conference

Université Grenoble Alpes / Sciences Po Grenoble - June 2027 

Argument

In many prison facilities around the world, artefacts worn by incarcerated people – patches, badges, armbands, uniforms – give material form to internal hierarchies and organise differential access to spaces, goods, services, and rights. Depending on the context, these material markers are unilaterally assigned by prison administrations, negotiated with them, or claimed by incarcerated men and women themselves. Their presence has been documented across a wide range of carceral settings, serving diverse functions: uniforms, armbands, or necklaces signalling delegated authority in Ghana (Akoensi, 2014) and Madagascar (Berrih, Ould Aklouche & Ranorovololona, 2026); coloured badges conditioning access to purchases in Japan (Iwasaki, 2025); good conduct stripes in France (Seyler, 1988); and stigmatising patches in the United States (Human Rights Watch, 2010). Despite being widely documented, these artefacts have never been subject to systematic comparative analysis. This conference aims to provide the first collective framework for doing so.

The heuristic value of these objects lies in their position at the intersection of several key issues: the visibility of power, regimes of carceral classification, and the everyday exercise of authority. Carceral artefacts function first as legibility devices: extending Foucault’s (1975) analyses of disciplinary individualisation, notably the role of the examination in the production of differentiated statuses, they signal to all actors within the institution – prison officers, administrative staff, healthcare workers, fellow incarcerated people, etc. – the position their wearer occupies in the internal hierarchy. They also structure everyday interactions between these actors and contribute to the effective maintenance of carceral order. In doing so, they make immediately visible a classification that is not always recognised by law, while simultaneously contributing to its stabilisation.

This tension between law and practice is itself an object of comparison. Documented situations span a spectrum ranging from contexts where these artefacts materialise classifications explicitly framed by prison law – as in Japan – to others where they reveal hierarchies not recognised by law or existing in tension with it. This analysis allows us to examine the relationship between these objects and legal frameworks, as well as the concrete forms through which carceral power is exercised.

A substantial body of research has also shown that objects are not merely passive supports of power, but actively participate in the stabilisation of the social and political relations in which they are embedded (Bayart and Warnier, 2004; Latour, 2005; Bony, Guyot, Michalon, Trouillet, 2025). From this perspective, carceral artefacts can be understood as ordinary material devices participating in the production of institutional order. As Mitchell (1999) has shown, the state is constituted through practices and material apparatuses that produce the appearance of a unified and legitimate authority. Extending this analysis, Miller and Rose (2008) demonstrate how these technologies of government – mundane and seemingly banal – enable authorities to act upon the conduct of individuals, including at a distance. A coloured armband worn daily in a detention unit thus participates in the ordinary production of the “state effect”.

These artefacts, however, do not have stable meanings. Their significance depends on the interactional contexts in which they are mobilised. They therefore acquire situated meanings while also contributing, in turn, to structuring the social relations in which they are embedded (Latour, 1994). Recent research on material productions in carceral contexts interrogates the extent to which objects can simultaneously participate in disciplinary regimes and open up spaces of expression for incarcerated people, highlighting their fundamentally ambivalent nature (Hemmings, 2025).

Moreover, incarcerated people are not passive recipients of the statuses produced through these artefacts. In some contexts, these objects may be mobilised to contest the status imposed by the institution, recalling what Scott (1990) calls the “arts of resistance” of dominated groups.

This analysis also connects with research that has challenged the idea of a uniform carceral experience, showing instead that incarceration produces profoundly differentiated regimes of confinement (Morelle, 2013; Schneider, 2020). Artefacts are among the concrete devices through which these regimes become visible, materialising distinctions linked to age, gender, legal status, or levels of dangerousness attributed to incarcerated individuals.

Building on these questions, the conference proposes an international comparative perspective drawing on fieldwork from all continents, in order to analyse diverse institutional, legal, and material configurations, and to bring together multiple disciplinary approaches – sociology, anthropology, political science, history, law, and geography – as well as perspectives from both academic research and civil society.

Analytically, this project constitutes the first attempt at a systematic international comparison of these artefacts as classificatory devices participating in the concrete exercise of carceral authority.

Methodologically, it combines scholarly presentations with the display of objects and visual materials – photographs and reproductions – forming an initial corpus of carceral artefacts documented across diverse contexts. The aim is to ground analysis in direct empirical engagement with the objects themselves or their traces, rather than abstract description alone, and to account for the contexts in which they are mobilised. The collection, preservation, and exhibition of these materials will be subject to ethical reflection, particularly regarding conditions of acquisition or loan, their status once removed from carceral settings, and the ways in which the voices of incarcerated people may be associated with their presentation. The Grenoble conference will also provide an opportunity to further expand this emerging corpus.

In a subsequent phase, a museum exhibition – potentially itinerant – will extend the visibility of this corpus, in partnership with museums and exhibition venues in France and internationally. This exhibition is intended to extend beyond artefacts alone to include other classificatory devices that participate in the production and structuring of inequality and hierarchy in prison.

The conference welcomes research at various stages of development, including work in progress or not yet fully consolidated, provided it contributes to the proposed comparative reflection. Proposals may engage with the following thematic strands. Contributions exploring other empirical, theoretical, or methodological perspectives related to the theme are also welcome.

1. Governing through objects: classification and hierarchy

How do artefacts worn by incarcerated people operate as instruments of classification and hierarchisation within prisons? What regimes of rights, access, and status do they produce or consolidate, including when prison law does not explicitly formalise them? Through what processes – assignment, withdrawal – are these objects mobilised by prison administrations, and through what configurations of imposition and negotiation? What can be learned from their absence in certain institutions or detention units? Contributions may also examine differentiated experiences generated by these artefacts according to age, gender, legal status (remand/pre-trial or convicted), or perceived dangerousness, thereby linking material devices to broader inequalities in carceral experience.

2. What incarcerated people do with objects: uses, economies and resistance

Carceral artefacts may be affirmed, valued, repurposed, or exchanged. They may be invested with uses not foreseen by the institution, or become supports for resistance to institutional order. They also carry specific economic value within prisons: possession or confiscation reveals internal inequalities, while their production may highlight skills acquired or recognised in carceral contexts. Contributions may examine practices surrounding these objects, their circulation and exchange value, and what these reveal about forms of autonomy and resistance within carceral space.

3. Studying carceral artefacts: epistemology, methods, and ethics of display

This strand invites collective reflection on research practice itself. How can objects circulating within constrained environments such as prisons be documented? Under what conditions can the voices of incarcerated people be collected when discussing artefacts that have marked – and sometimes harmed – them? How can such objects be presented publicly without reducing their complexity or erasing the voices of those who experienced them? Contributions may draw on fieldwork in prison settings or on ethical and political challenges related to exhibition practices.

Submission guidelines

Proposals (maximum one page, accompanied by a short biographical note) should be sent to carole.berrih@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr by 3 July 2026. Proposals may be submitted in French or English. Contributions combining empirical data and theoretical reflection are particularly welcome, as are those including the presentation of an object or visual documentation. In such cases, please specify the object to be presented and the conditions of its preservation.

Scientific committee

  • Thomas Akoensi, University of Kent, United Kingdom
  • Ikuo Aizawa, Ryukoku Correctional and Rehabilitation Centre, Kyoto, Japan
  • Carole Berrih, CERDAP², Université Grenoble Alpes / Sciences Po Grenoble, France
  • Christine Deslaurier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, Aubervilliers, France
  • Bénédicte Fischer, CERDAP², Université Grenoble Alpes / Sciences Po Grenoble, France
  • Frédéric Le Marcis, UMR 5206 Triangle, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
  • David Scheer, CRID&P, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
  • Julienne Weegels, CEDLA, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Bibliography

Akoensi, T. (2014). Governance through power sharing in Ghanaian prisons: a symbiotic relationship between officers and inmates. Prison Service Journal, 212, 33.

Bayart, J.-F., Warnier, J.-P. (dir) (2004). Matière à politique. Le pouvoir, les corps et les choses. Paris, Karthala.

Berrih, C., Ould Aklouche, C., Ranorovololona, L. (2026). « L’État sans uniforme. Super-détenus et délégations de pouvoir dans les prisons africaines ». FIACAT.

Bony, L., Guyot, S., Michalon, B., Trouillet, P.-Y. (2025). Le pouvoir des objets. ENS Éditions.

Foucault, M. (1975). Surveiller et Punir. Naissance de la prison. Gallimard.

Hemmings, J. (2025). Carceral Craft: the material of oppression or expression? Research project, University of Gothenburg, HDK-Valand (2025–2027).

Human Rights Watch (2010). Sentenced to Stigma. Segregation of HIV-Positive Prisoners in Alabama and South Carolina.

Iwasaki, F. (2025). Zoku: Gokuchū wo ikita: Shogū konnansha to sarete [Living through prison, continued: Labeled as a difficult-to-manage detainee]

Latour, B. (1994), « Une sociologie sans objet ? Note théorique sur l’interobjectivité », Sociologie du travail, 36, 587-607. https://doi.org/10.3406/sotra.1994.2196

Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social. An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory, Oxford University Press.

Miller P., Rose N. (2008). Governing the Present: Administering Economic, Social and Personal Life. Polity Press.

Mitchell T. (1999). « Society, Economy and the State Effect » in G. Steinmetz (ed.), State/Culture: State-Formation after the Cultural Turn. Ithaca, NY and London. Cornell University Press.

Morelle, M. (2013). La prison centrale de Yaoundé : l’espace au cœur d’un dispositif de pouvoir. Annales de géographie, 691(3), 332-356. https://doi.org/10.3917/ag.691.0332 

Schneider, L. (2020). Degrees of Permeability. Confinement, Power and Resistance in Freetown's Central Prison. The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, 38(1), 88-104, https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2020.380107

Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. Yale University Press.

Seyler, M. (1988). « Vivre avec son temps : les cantines en prison », Déviance et Société, 12(2), 127-145.

Places

  • Université Grenoble Alpes
    Grenoble, France (38)

Event attendance modalities

Full on-site event


Date(s)

  • Friday, July 03, 2026

Keywords

  • artefact carcéral, objet, prison, classification, hiérarchie, pouvoir, gouvernement, discipline, incarcération, recherche comparative, carceral artefacts, objects, prisons, classification, hierarchy, power, government, gouvernance, incarcération

Contact(s)

  • Carole BERRIH
    courriel : carole [dot] berrih [at] univ-grenoble-alpes [dot] fr

Information source

  • Carole BERRIH
    courriel : carole [dot] berrih [at] univ-grenoble-alpes [dot] fr

License

CC0-1.0 This announcement is licensed under the terms of Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal.

To cite this announcement

« Prisoners' Artefacts, Status and Carceral Authority », Call for papers, Calenda, Published on Tuesday, May 12, 2026, https://doi.org/10.58079/167eu

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